{"id":10280,"date":"2024-09-11T04:26:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T20:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=10280"},"modified":"2025-02-17T19:10:52","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T11:10:52","slug":"grade-316","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, X\u1eed l\u00fd, \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A4 ho\u1eb7c 18\/10) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit<\/a> sau th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304\/A2 v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t (FCC). Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 16-18% crom, 10-14% niken v\u00e0 2-3% molypden. 316 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ASTM A240 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 1.4401 (EN) v\u00e0 SUS 316 (JIS). N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i clorua v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, v.v. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m 316L v\u00e0 316H. 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hai pha, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng cao b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/h2>

Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316:<\/p>

Crom, Cr<\/strong><\/td>Niken, Ni<\/strong><\/td>Molypden, Mo<\/strong><\/td>Mangan, Mn<\/strong><\/td>Silic, Si<\/strong><\/td>Cacbon, C<\/strong><\/td>Ph\u1ed1t pho, P<\/strong><\/td>L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, S<\/strong><\/td>Nit\u01a1, N<\/strong><\/td>S\u1eaft, Fe<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
16-18%<\/td>10-14%<\/td>2-3%<\/td>\u2264 2,00%<\/td>\u2264 0,75%<\/td>\u2264 0,08%<\/td>\u2264 0,045%<\/td>\u2264 0,030%<\/td>\u2264 0,10%<\/td>S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/h2>

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/p>

  1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n
  2. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n\n
  3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li><\/ol>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>

    Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316:<\/p>

    T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (Metric\/Imperial)<\/strong><\/td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/td>8,00 g\/cm\u00b3 (0,289 lb\/in\u00b3)<\/td>Cao; g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td>1370 \u2013 1400 \u00b0C (2500-2550\u00b0F)<\/td>Cao; th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td><\/tr>
    CTE, Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (20\u2103)<\/td>16,0 \u00b5m\/m\u00b0C (8,89 \u00b5in\/in\u00b0F)<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh; t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau<\/td><\/tr>
    Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang (0-100\u00b0C\/32-212\u00b0F)<\/td>500 J\/kg\u00b7K (0,12 BTU\/lb\u00b7\u00b0F)<\/td>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (100\u00b0C)<\/td>16,3 W\/m\u00b7K (9,4 BTU\/gi\u1edd\u00b7ft\u00b7\u00b0F)<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh; cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>1.45% IACS (0,84 MS\/m)<\/td>Th\u1ea5p; th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr>
    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ee7)<\/td>Cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh trung h\u00f2a t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3>

    Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316:<\/p>

    T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t\/H\u1ec7 Anh)<\/strong><\/td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/td>580 MPa (84,1 ksi)<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td><\/tr>
    S\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/td>290 MPa (42,1 ksi)<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o trung b\u00ecnh, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao.<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Rockwell<\/td>79 HRB<\/td>T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ec1m so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng 50 mm)<\/td>50%<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n cong.<\/td><\/tr>
    M\u00f4 \u0111un Young (trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng)<\/td>193 GPa (28 msi)<\/td>C\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n th\u00e9p cacbon m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>

    Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316:<\/p>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/td>Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u clorua; t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p 304.<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y pH<\/td>C\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi axit ho\u1eb7c baz\u01a1.<\/td>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi pH r\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit v\u00e0 h\u01a1i ki\u1ec1m.<\/td><\/tr>
    Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/td>C\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p; \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/td><\/tr>
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td>Cao; duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 870\u00b0C (1598\u00b0F).<\/td><\/tr>
    th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/td>H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/td>Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn; l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1i sinh nhanh ch\u00f3ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/td><\/tr>
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00e1y<\/td>C\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft l\u1eeda.<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y; kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n.<\/td><\/tr>
    T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft l\u1eeda trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft l\u1eeda; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h2>

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 870\u00b0C khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 925\u00b0C khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 425\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 860\u00b0C, 316 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbua, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. <\/p>

    316L \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbua t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; 316H c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 500\u00b0C.<\/p>

    Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ed7 do clorua g\u00e2y ra, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ven bi\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a molypden trong h\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn clorua.<\/p>

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u1ed7, \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e0u clorua tr\u00ean 60\u00b0C. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>

    Gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/h2>

    H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken v\u00e0 molypden cao. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap n\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>

    H\u00e0n<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n sau khi h\u00e0n. <\/p>

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, 316L th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cacbua. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>

    Gia c\u00f4ng<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 304 do \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng. <\/p>

    D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, do \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cacbua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. L\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1eaft n\u00f4ng h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>

    X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1.040\u00b0C \u2013 1.120\u00b0C (1.900\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2.050\u00b0F), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Sau khi \u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>

    Tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 425\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 860\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbua v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t.<\/p>

    \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/h2>

    Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316:<\/p>

    1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u clorua.<\/li>\n\n
    2. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf t\u1ed1t; l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n
    3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t; duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n\n
    4. R\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n
    5. D\u1ec5 h\u00e0n, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li><\/ol>

      Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316:<\/p>

      1. \u0110\u1eaft h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 n\u00ean \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/li>\n\n
      2. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ee9t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n\n
      3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n
      4. Kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n
      5. \u00cdt c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ol>

        \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/h2>

        Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nhanh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>

        Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
        K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/td>Linh ki\u1ec7n t\u00e0u, Ch\u1ed1t, Tr\u1ee5c ch\u00e2n v\u1ecbt, Van<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n<\/td><\/tr>
        X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, M\u00e1y b\u01a1m<\/td>Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 axit<\/td><\/tr>
        Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m & \u0110\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, B\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a, B\u0103ng t\u1ea3i, Dao k\u00e9o<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td><\/tr>
        D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m<\/td>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, M\u00e1y ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng, M\u00e1y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh h\u1ecdc, B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a<\/td>V\u1ec7 sinh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng<\/td><\/tr>
        D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed<\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng, van, gi\u00e0n khoan ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr>
        \u00d4 t\u00f4<\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, Ch\u1ed1t, \u1ed0ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

        C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>

        Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a SS 316 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>

        Qu\u1ed1c gia\/Khu v\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\/\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/td>L\u1edbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
        Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/td>GB\/T 20878<\/td>0Cr17Ni12Mo2<\/td><\/tr>
        Hoa K\u1ef3<\/td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA240<\/td>316<\/td><\/tr>
        Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/td>EN 10088-1<\/td>X5CrNiMo17-12-2 (1.4401)<\/td><\/tr>
        \u0110\u1ee9c<\/td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n DIN17440<\/td>X5CrNiMo17-12-2<\/td><\/tr>
        Nga<\/td>TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N 5632<\/td>08KH16N11M3<\/td><\/tr>
        Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n JIS G4303<\/td>SUS316<\/td><\/tr>
        Anh<\/td>BS 970<\/td>316S31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

        C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/h2>

        C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>

        Kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong><\/td>N\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/td>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec 316?<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
        316L<\/td>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n carbon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a 316.<\/td>T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/td><\/tr>
        316H<\/td>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n carbon cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a 316.<\/td>M\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td><\/tr>
        316Ti<\/td>316 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng titan.<\/td>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr>
        316N<\/a><\/td>316 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nit\u01a1.<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr>
        316F<\/td>Th\u00e9p 316 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng.<\/td>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/td><\/tr>
        316LN<\/td>316 \u00edt carbon, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nit\u01a1.<\/td>M\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

        *Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/p>

        1. C\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t <\/strong>C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p 316 bao g\u1ed3m 316L, 316H v\u00e0 316Ti, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t. \u00cdt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n<\/strong> c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 316N, 316F v\u00e0 316LN d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n
        2. Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/strong> x\u1ea3y ra khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 450-850\u00b0C, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh crom cacbua \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t<\/strong>. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n khu v\u1ef1c h\u00e0n.
          1. Trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, 316L, 316H v\u00e0 316Ti th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li><\/ol><\/li>\n\n
          2. 316F \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/strong> so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ol>

            Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, 316 hay 316L?<\/h4>

            316L c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao so v\u1edbi 316.<\/p>

            316L c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n 316 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h4>

            \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, 316L \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n 316 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. Chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a 316L, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n.<\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 so v\u1edbi 316<\/h2>

            L\u1edbp 304<\/a> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i 316, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 molypden, khi\u1ebfn 316 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304.<\/p>

            Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh nhanh gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 v\u00e0 304:<\/p>

            T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td>304<\/strong><\/td>316<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>Cr: 18-20%, Ni: 8-10,5%<\/td>Cr: \u2264 18%, Ni: \u2264 14%, Mo: \u2264 3%<\/td><\/tr>
            Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>S\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng chung, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>S\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n<\/td><\/tr>
            \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed \u00f4 t\u00f4, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v.v.<\/td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, v.v.<\/td><\/tr>
            Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td>Th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/td>Cao h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

            Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m<\/h2>

            B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng niken. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nh\u1eb9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>

            \u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan<\/strong>
            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

            C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. R\u1ec9 s\u00e9t r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>

            \u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan<\/strong>
            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 hay 316 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/h3>

            T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, trong khi 304 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. <\/p>

            \u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam<\/strong>
            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 so v\u1edbi 316: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, X\u1eed l\u00fd, \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng, Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 Th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin<\/a><\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

            C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, ch\u1ed1ng x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n, b\u1ec1n, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u, \u00edt c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>

            \u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan<\/strong>
            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u hay phai m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

            C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 r\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho v\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00e2y \u0111eo \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>

            316 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e9p d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

            C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit v\u00e0 m\u1eb7n.<\/p>

            T\u1ea1i sao th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eaft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/h3>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken v\u00e0 molypden cao h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 304.<\/p>

            T\u00f3m t\u1eaft & Th\u00eam n\u1eefa<\/h2>

            B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y xem blog c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a>.<\/p>

            L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, Th\u00e9pPRO<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m 100% v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Gh\u00e9 th\u0103m trang web c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam, ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/a>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A4 ho\u1eb7c 18\/10) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":10286,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4191,112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grades","category-stainless-steel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10280"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10280\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}