{"id":10705,"date":"2024-09-24T07:44:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T23:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=10705"},"modified":"2025-02-18T10:26:08","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T02:26:08","slug":"melting-point","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/melting-point\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i so s\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/h2><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn sang d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1530\u00b0C. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?<\/h2><p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mao qu\u1ea3n<\/h3><p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mao qu\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao. M\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong \u1ed1ng mao qu\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t, trong khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng 1\u00b0C m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tan ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t vi sai (\u200b\u200bDTA)<\/h3><p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t vi sai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (TMA)<\/h3><p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ho\u1eb7c co l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 suy ra \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u00e9t (SEM)<\/h3><p>SEM th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp suy ra \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 \u1edf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft, crom v\u00e0 niken. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 molypden, titan v\u00e0 vanadi c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><p><strong>Niken:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam niken s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00ec niken c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p><p><strong>Molypden:<\/strong> T\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><p><strong>Titan v\u00e0 niobi:<\/strong> \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3<\/h3><p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t (FCC): Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit (304, 316), c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i (BCC): Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferritic (430), c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u1ee6: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u00e3n n\u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i: L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 gia<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia nh\u01b0 titan v\u00e0 niobi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p><p><strong>L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh:<\/strong> L\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><p><strong>Titan:<\/strong> \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.&nbsp;<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit<\/h3><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/austenitic\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit<\/a><\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 <strong>304<\/strong> V\u00e0 <strong>316<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng <strong>1400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1450\u00b0C<\/strong> (<strong>2550\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2640\u00b0F<\/strong>).<\/p><p>Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Ferritic<\/h3><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/ferritic\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferritic<\/a><\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp <strong>430<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng <strong>1425\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1510\u00b0C<\/strong> (<strong>2597\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2750\u00b0F<\/strong>).<\/p><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Ferritic th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic<\/h3><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/types\/martensite\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic<\/a><\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 <strong>410<\/strong> V\u00e0 <strong>420<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng <strong>1400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1450\u00b0C<\/strong> (<strong>2550\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2640\u00b0F<\/strong>).<\/p><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p austenitic, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt niken h\u01a1n) \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Duplex<\/h3><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/duplex\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hai m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng <strong>1350\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1400\u00b0C<\/strong> (<strong>2460\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2550\u00b0F<\/strong>).<\/p><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 duplex, l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a pha austenitic v\u00e0 ferritic, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic ho\u1eb7c ferritic nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/h3><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/precipitation-hardening\/\">k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 <strong>17-4 PH<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng <strong>1400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1450\u00b0C<\/strong> (<strong>2550\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2640\u00b0F<\/strong>).<\/p><p>Th\u00e9p t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u01b0 crom v\u00e0 niken.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?<\/h3><p><strong>1000\u00b0C (1832\u00b0F): <\/strong>\u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><p><strong>V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y:<\/strong> Khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd ban \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h3><p><strong>Ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 ngu\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p><p><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao:<\/strong> Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2><p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3><p>Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m<\/h3><p>Nh\u00ecn chung, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 crom v\u00e0 niken trong h\u1ee3p kim. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/h3><p>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hai l\u1edbp v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p kim cao ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">C\u1ea5p<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0C)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0F)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">201<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1400-1450<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2552-2642<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">301<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1400-1420<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2552-2598<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">303<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1400-1420<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2552-2598<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">304&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1400-1450&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2552-2642<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">304L<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1400-1420<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2552-2598<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">316&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1375-1470&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2507-2678<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">316L<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1375-1400<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2507-2552<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">321<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1400-1425<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2552-2597<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">410&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1425-1500&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2597-2732<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">413<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1480-1530<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2700-2794<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">416<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1480-1530<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2700-2794<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">420<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1450-1510<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2642-2750<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">430&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1480-1530&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2700-2790<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">440<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1370-1480<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2500-2700<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">440C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1370-1480<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2500-2700<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">446<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1425-1510<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2597-2750<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">630<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1370-1420<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2500-2598<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2205&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1425-1525&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2597-2777<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">904L&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1400-1450&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2552-2642<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o?<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-304\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb 1400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1450\u00b0C.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o?<\/h3><p>V\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb 1375\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1400\u00b0C, <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/a> l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit ch\u1ee9a molypden. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a clorua.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18-8 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/h3><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a <strong>th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18-8<\/strong> (l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a <strong>th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/strong>) th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi <strong>1400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1450\u00b0C<\/strong> (<strong>2550\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2640\u00b0F<\/strong>).<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?<\/h2><p>N\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9:<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y<\/h3><p><strong>L\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nung n\u00f3ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p><p><strong>L\u00f2 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng: <\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 gia nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho gia c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2<\/h3><p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c:<\/strong> Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, trong khi n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2 nung trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n<\/h3><p><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/strong> \u0110eo thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u00ednh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, khi n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><p><strong>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u0103n kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1eafn ra ngo\u00e0i g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h2><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0C)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0F)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Nh\u00f4m<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">660\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1220\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110\u1ed3ng<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1085\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1985\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">V\u00e0ng<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1064\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1947\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">S\u1eaft<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1538\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2800\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ch\u1ec9 huy<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">327\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">621\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Magi\u00ea<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">650\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1202\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Niken<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1455\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2651\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">B\u1ea1ch kim<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1768\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3215\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">B\u1ea1c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">961\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1763\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (304)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1400\u00b0C \u2013 1450\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2550\u00b0F \u2013 2640\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Titan<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1668\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3034\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">K\u1ebdm<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">420\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">788\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Th\u00e9p Cacbon<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1425\u00b0C \u2013 1540\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2600\u00b0F \u2013 2800\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o?<\/h3><p><strong>Th\u00e9p<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng tan ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa <strong>1425\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1540\u00b0C<\/strong> (<strong>2600\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2800\u00b0F<\/strong>), t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/strong> tan ch\u1ea3y xung quanh <strong>1425\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1540\u00b0C<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/strong> n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p kim, v\u1edbi <strong>th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/strong> tan ch\u1ea3y xung quanh <strong>1400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1450\u00b0C<\/strong> (<strong>2550\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2640\u00b0F<\/strong>).<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao nh\u1ea5t?<\/h3><p>Kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao nh\u1ea5t<\/strong> l\u00e0 <strong>vonfram<\/strong> (W), v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 <strong>3422\u00b0C<\/strong> (<strong>6192\u00b0F<\/strong>). \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ef1c cao c\u1ee7a vonfram khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y t\u00f3c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, v\u00f2i phun \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n!<\/h2><p>Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. SteelPRO Group cam k\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, vui l\u00f2ng xem <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/blog\/\">blog c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/contact-us\/\">li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4202,112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-properties","category-stainless-steel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10705"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10705\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}