{"id":10943,"date":"2024-09-30T08:02:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T00:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=10943"},"modified":"2025-02-18T10:26:29","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T02:26:29","slug":"precipitation-hardening","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/precipitation-hardening\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, v.v. V\u1eady, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?&nbsp;<\/p><p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao n\u00e0y.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i martensitic, b\u00e1n austenitic v\u00e0 austenitic. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1t h\u1ee3p kim Fe-Cr-Ni v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng, molypden, niobi, titan v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ma tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t: martensitic, b\u00e1n austenitic v\u00e0 austenitic.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic PH<\/h3><p>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 17-4 PH, ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee7 (1040\u20131065\u00b0C) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh martensite khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i. L\u00e3o h\u00f3a \u1edf 482\u2013593\u00b0C l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00ean 1170\u20131376 MPa. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 van, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea5p, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u00e1n Austenitic PH<\/h3><p>Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, austenit tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh martensite v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 \u1edf 455\u2013593\u00b0C. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 17-7 PH, cho l\u00f2 xo v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1t khi c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic PH<\/h3><p>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 A286, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. L\u00e3o h\u00f3a \u1edf 650-760\u00b0C l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n hai lo\u1ea1i kia, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tua bin.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/h2><p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft, crom v\u00e0 niken, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng, titan, nh\u00f4m, molypden, niobi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c pha l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p><p>\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ba lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH trong b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><strong>C<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Cr<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ni<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Cu<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Al<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>T\u00f4i<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>T\u00ed<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Mn<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Si<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>P<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>S<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>V<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>17-4 PH (%)<\/strong><\/td><td>Martensit<\/td><td>\u2264 0,07<\/td><td>15.0-17.5<\/td><td>3.0-5.0<\/td><td>3.0-5.0<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>\u2264 0,5<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>\u2264 1.0<\/td><td>\u2264 1.0<\/td><td>\u2264 0,04<\/td><td>\u2264 0,03<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>17-7 PH (%)<\/strong><\/td><td>B\u00e1n Austenit<\/td><td>\u2264 0,09<\/td><td>16.0-18.0<\/td><td>6.5-7.75<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>0.75-1.5<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>\u2264 1.0<\/td><td>\u2264 1.0<\/td><td>\u2264 0,04<\/td><td>\u2264 0,03<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>A2869 (%)<\/strong><\/td><td>Austenit<\/td><td>\u2264 0,08<\/td><td>14.0-16.0<\/td><td>24.0-27.0<\/td><td>\u2264 0,35<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>1.0-1.5<\/td><td>1.9-2.3<\/td><td>\u2264 2.0<\/td><td>\u2264 1.0<\/td><td>\u2264 0,03<\/td><td>\u2264 0,025<\/td><td>0.10-0.50<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/h2><p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f4i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao:<\/strong> Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y cao, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: <\/strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 crom v\u00e0 niken.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: <\/strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/td><td>7,7-8,0 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><td>Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><td>15-20 W\/m\u00b7K<\/td><td>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><td>10-12 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e9o ti\u1ebfng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td><td>1400-1450\u00b0C<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td><td>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i (t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i)<\/td><td>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i martensitic v\u00e0 b\u00e1n austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t<\/td><td>V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td><td>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/td><td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td><td>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/td><td>850-1700MPa<\/td><td>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/td><td>800-1500MPa<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n cao.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i<\/td><td>10-20%<\/td><td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9t, cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/td><td>35-47 HRC<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t cao sau khi l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/td><td>190-210 GPa<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi<\/td><td>V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ecfng do m\u1ecfi t\u1ed1t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp<\/td><td>Trung b\u00ecnh-Cao<\/td><td>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do va \u0111\u1eadp.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/td><td>V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t<\/td><td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau khi h\u00e0n.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh<\/td><td>Trung b\u00ecnh-Cao<\/td><td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1n austenit.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td><td>Trung b\u00ecnh-Cao<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/td><td>Cao<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td><td>Cao<\/td><td>\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC)<\/td><td>Trung b\u00ecnh-Cao<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p austenit, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>C\u1ea5p<\/td><td>Ki\u1ec3u<\/td><td>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/td><td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17-4 PH<\/td><td>Martensit<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng<\/td><td>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, van, b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, tr\u1ee5c, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15-5 PH<\/td><td>Martensit<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u1ed1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/td><td>H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PH 13-8 th\u00e1ng<\/td><td>Martensit<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/td><td>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, linh ki\u1ec7n tua bin<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13-8 PH<\/td><td>Martensit<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u1ed1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t<\/td><td>H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17-7 PH<\/td><td>B\u00e1n Austenit<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao sau khi l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t<\/td><td>L\u00f2 xo, \u1ed1c v\u00edt, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u00e1ng 350<\/td><td>B\u00e1n Austenit<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t<\/td><td>C\u00e1nh tuabin, l\u00f2 xo, \u1ed1c v\u00edt, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u00e1ng 355<\/td><td>B\u00e1n Austenit<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t<\/td><td>Linh ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1eaft c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PH 15-7 th\u00e1ng<\/td><td>B\u00e1n Austenit<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t<\/td><td>L\u00f2 xo, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y bay c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>XM-16<\/td><td>B\u00e1n Austenit<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t<\/td><td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, linh ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A286<\/td><td>Austenit<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ed1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td><td>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1nh tua bin<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17-10 trang<\/td><td>Austenit<\/td><td>Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/td><td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17-10 th\u00e1ng<\/td><td>Austenit<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td><td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a 15-5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3><p>15-5 PH l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a martensitic, m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. T\u00ean \u201c15-5\u201d \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: kho\u1ea3ng 15% crom v\u00e0 5% niken. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, v.v.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a 17-4 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-630\/\">17-4 PH<\/a> l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a martensitic c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. T\u00ean \u201c17-4\u201d \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: kho\u1ea3ng 17% crom v\u00e0 4% niken, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 niobi\/nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. 17-4 PH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, v.v.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/h2><p><strong>K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/strong> c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p do c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 thanh v\u00e0 thanh<\/strong>:\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5c, b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1c v\u00edt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng<\/strong>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>D\u00e2y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/strong>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, l\u00f2 xo v\u00e0 \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cao.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 r\u00e8n<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh tua bin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li><\/ol><p>Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao: Sau khi l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ea1t 850-1700 MPa.<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t: Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t: \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ec1m, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n: V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/h2><p><strong>K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Linh ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh tua-bin, b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf<\/strong>:\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nha khoa v\u00ec t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho van, tr\u1ee5c b\u01a1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/strong>: Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng do c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/strong>:\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t, do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/strong>:\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong tr\u1ee5c ch\u00e2n v\u1ecbt, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, n\u01a1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li><\/ol><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ee9ng<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/welding\/\">ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n<\/a>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 TIG v\u00e0 MIG, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m \u1edf v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e3o h\u00f3a sau khi h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n.<\/p><p>Khi h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y ER630 khi h\u00e0n 17-4 PH. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee9ng Martensitic v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/h2><p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa <a href=\"http:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/types\/martensite\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic<\/a> v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p><p><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gia c\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ram. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/p><p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t: <\/strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic.<\/p><p>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c: <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/austenitic\/\">austenit<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/ferritic\/\">ferritic<\/a>, V\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/duplex\/\">song l\u1eadp<\/a>.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH martensitic \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch, trong khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH austenitic v\u00e0 b\u00e1n austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd li\u00ean quan.<\/p><p><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/magnetic\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p>L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, hay l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng theo tu\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o. Trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 PH, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ba b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh: x\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong> Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 1040\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1065\u00b0C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i:<\/strong> Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t tan \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L\u00e3o h\u00f3a: <\/strong>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 480 \u0111\u1ebfn 620\u00b0C) v\u00e0 gi\u1eef trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u1ecbn, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p><strong>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/strong> V\u00e0 <strong>s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. <\/p><p><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong> L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng (l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t h\u01a1n. L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a) trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p><p><strong>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> T\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p martensitic trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/p><p><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (150-650\u00b0C). Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u0103ng. L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a bao g\u1ed3m hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u2013 x\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch (l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0 (l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 480-620\u00b0C). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u1ecbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p><p><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> T\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, dao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n. L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng theo tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c so v\u1edbi l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a<\/h2><p><strong>L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c<\/strong> V\u00e0 <strong>L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim.<\/p><p><strong>L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chung l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>: Bao g\u1ed3m x\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u00f4m, titan v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/strong>:T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eadt kh\u1edbp.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a theo tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng theo tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 17-4 PH) v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim niken.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/strong>: Nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u1ecbn, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai.<\/li><\/ul><p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n theo tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, trong khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n theo k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n!<\/h2><p>C\u00f4ng ty ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chuy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 th\u00e9p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean blog c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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