{"id":10964,"date":"2024-10-09T03:24:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T19:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=10964"},"modified":"2025-02-17T19:08:59","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T11:08:59","slug":"grade-321","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-321\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, X\u1eed l\u00fd, \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n SteelPRO<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kho c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m SS 321 (UNS S32100): t\u1ea5m, l\u00e1, cu\u1ed9n, d\u1ea3i, \u1ed1ng, \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n, thanh, que, d\u00e2y, v.v. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: S\u1ed1 1, 2B, 2D, BA, S\u1ed1 3, S\u1ed1 4, HL, S\u1ed1 8, Phun bi, v.v.&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 100%. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/contact-us\/\"><strong><em>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/em><\/strong><\/a><strong><em> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, bao g\u1ed3m h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd, v.v.<\/em><\/strong><\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321<\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 (UNS S32100) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/300-series\/\">D\u00f2ng 300<\/a> titan \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/austenitic\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit<\/a>, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m 17 \u2013 19 % crom, 9 \u2013 12 % niken v\u00e0 \u22640,7% titan (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i 304. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240 v\u00e0 EN 10088-2 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 1.4541 (EN) v\u00e0 SUS 321 (JIS).&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea5p 321 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eb7n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 sau khi h\u00e0n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 m\u00e1y bay, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00f2 nung v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 321H.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321<\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/td><td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, t\u1ea5m ch\u1eafn nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td><td>B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td><td>\u1ed0ng n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, \u1ed1ng si\u00eau nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, tua bin kh\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u00f3a d\u1ea7u<\/td><td>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y b\u1ebb x\u00fac t\u00e1c, linh ki\u1ec7n l\u00f2, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00d4 t\u00f4<\/td><td>\u1ed0ng x\u1ea3, b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m thanh, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u0103ng \u00e1p<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><td>Linh ki\u1ec7n l\u00f2, n\u1eafp \u1ee7, v\u1ecf c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00f2 thanh tr\u00f9ng<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed<\/td><td>\u1ed0ng d\u1eabn xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ebfng, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/td><td>B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, m\u00e1y kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, m\u00e1y bay h\u01a1i<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 (x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng):<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a titan.<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 870\u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n\n<li>D\u1ec5 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 (x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng):<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1eaft h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u00ed trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n cao.<\/li>\n\n<li>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 304 v\u00e0 316.<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh do \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai gi\u1ea3m.<\/li><\/ol><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321<\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Qu\u1ed1c gia\/Khu v\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\/\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>L\u1edbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/td><td>GB\/T 20878, GB 4234<\/td><td>0Cr18Ni10Ti, 1Cr18Ni11Ti, H0Cr20Ni10Ti<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hoa K\u1ef3<\/td><td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240, ASME SA240<\/td><td>321<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/td><td>EN 10088-2<\/td><td>X6CrNiTi18-10 (1.4541)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ee9c<\/td><td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n DIN 17440, DIN EN 10088-2<\/td><td>X10CrNiTi18-9, X6CrNiTi18-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nga<\/td><td>TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N 5632<\/td><td>08KH18N10T, 08KH18N12T, 12KH18N10T<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/td><td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n G4304, Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n G4303<\/td><td>SUS321<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Anh<\/td><td>BS 1449, BS EN 10088-2<\/td><td>321S31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 900\u00b0C v\u00e0 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 925\u00b0C. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. 321H cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i 304 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ee7. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 425\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 900\u00b0C, trong khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 sau khi h\u00e0n.&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 clorua \u1ea5m. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 60\u00b0C. 321 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 200 mg\/L clorua \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 150 mg\/L clorua \u1edf 60\u00b0C.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n, k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u00e9p. Th\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u00edt b\u1ecb l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p austenit kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 trung gian \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng. \u1ee6 sau khi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e0n<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh titan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbua. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 347 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau khi h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u1eeb khi c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gia c\u00f4ng<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit kh\u00e1c. Th\u00e9p n\u00e0y h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n th\u00e9p 304 do c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a titan, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 20% so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p 304 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u00e0i m\u00f2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng khi gia c\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft. C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cacbua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p li\u1ec7u ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch (\u1ee6 dung d\u1ecbch)<\/strong>:<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong>: 950-1120\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: L\u00e0m m\u00e1t nhanh (n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>: T\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>:<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong>: 870-900\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: L\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed 1 gi\u1edd cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 25mm<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>: Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (tr\u00ean 425\u00b0C) ho\u1eb7c khi \u1ee7 \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/strong>:<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong>: 700\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: L\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 gi\u1edd<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321<\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Cacbon, C<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Crom, Cr<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>S\u1eaft, Fe<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Mangan, Mn<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Niken, Ni<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Nit\u01a1, N<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ph\u1ed1t pho, P<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Silic, Si<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, S<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Titan, Ti<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wt%<\/td><td>\u2264 0,080<\/td><td>17 &#8211; 19<\/td><td>S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td><td>\u2264 2.0<\/td><td>9 &#8211; 12<\/td><td>\u2264 0,10<\/td><td>\u2264 0,045<\/td><td>\u2264 0,75<\/td><td>\u2264 0,030<\/td><td>\u2264 0,70<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321<\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a titan.<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li><\/ol><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (Metric\/Imperial)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/td><td>9,01 g\/cc (0,326 lb\/in\u00b3)<\/td><td>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1eb7ng, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td><td>1371 \u2013 1399\u00b0C (2500 \u2013 2550\u00b0F)<\/td><td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tan ch\u1ea3y<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CTE, Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (0 \u2013 100\u00b0C)<\/td><td>16,6 \u00b5m\/m-\u00b0C (9,22 \u00b5in\/in-\u00b0F)<\/td><td>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CTE, Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (\u2264 871\u00b0C)<\/td><td>20,2 \u00b5m\/m-\u00b0C (11,2 \u00b5in\/in-\u00b0F)<\/td><td>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang<\/td><td>0,500 J\/g-\u00b0C (0,120 BTU\/lb-\u00b0F)<\/td><td>H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (100\u00b0C)<\/td><td>16,0 W\/mK (111 BTU-in\/gi\u1edd-ft\u00b2-\u00b0F)<\/td><td>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (500\u00b0C)<\/td><td>22,0 W\/mK (153 BTU-in\/gi\u1edd-ft\u00b2-\u00b0F)<\/td><td>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t<\/td><td>0,0000720 ohm-cm<\/td><td>Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1ea9m<\/td><td>\u2264 1,02<\/td><td>H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>*CTE, Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t, Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/em><\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t\/H\u1ec7 Anh)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/td><td>621 MPa (90,1 ksi)<\/td><td>Trung b\u00ecnh; cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p austenit th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 304 (515 MPa), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/td><td>276 MPa (40,0 ksi)<\/td><td>Th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hai pha (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2205, 450 MPa), nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Rockwell<\/td><td>80 HRB<\/td><td>Trung b\u00ecnh; cao h\u01a1n th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic nh\u01b0 440C (~60 HRC), gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/td><td>45% (b\u1eb1ng 2 inch)<\/td><td>R\u1ea5t cao; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00f4 \u0111un Young<\/td><td>193 GPa (28,0 msi)<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p 304, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y pH<\/td><td>Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit ho\u1eb7c baz\u01a1.<\/td><td>\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 pH t\u1eeb 4-9, \u00edt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit cao nh\u01b0 axit clohydric.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/td><td>C\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/td><td>\u00cdt ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n th\u00e9p cacbon, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p kim cao nh\u01b0 316.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p 304; ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 870\u00b0C (1600\u00b0F), t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/td><td>H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/td><td>B\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e9p 304, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng titan.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00e1y<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft l\u1eeda khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/td><td>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y<\/td><td>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/td><td>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321, 309 v\u00e0 310<\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh nhanh gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321, 309 v\u00e0 310:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>321<\/strong><\/td><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-309\/\">309<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>310<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ki\u1ec3u<\/td><td>Austenit<\/td><td>Austenit<\/td><td>Austenit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3<\/td><td>FCC (Kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t)<\/td><td>FCC (Kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t)<\/td><td>FCC (Kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td><td>C \u2264 0,08%, Cr 17-19%, Ni 9-12%<\/td><td>C \u2264 0,20%, Cr 23%, Ni 14%<\/td><td>C \u2264 0,25%, Cr 24-26%, Ni 19-22%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/td><td>620 MPa (89,9 ksi)<\/td><td>620 MPa (89,9 ksi)<\/td><td>620 MPa (89,9 ksi)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/td><td>240 MPa (34,8 ksi)<\/td><td>310 MPa (45 ksi)<\/td><td>310 MPa (45 ksi)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/td><td>80 HRB<\/td><td>85 HRB<\/td><td>85 HRB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td><td>V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td><td>Cao h\u01a1n<\/td><td>Cao nh\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td><td>\u1ed0ng x\u1ea3 m\u00e1y bay, x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/td><td>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00f2, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, l\u1edbp l\u00f3t l\u00f2<\/td><td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321, 304 v\u00e0 316<\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh nhanh gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321, 304 v\u00e0 316:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>321<\/strong><\/td><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-304\/\">304<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/\"><strong>316<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ki\u1ec3u<\/td><td>Austenit<\/td><td>Austenit<\/td><td>Austenit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3<\/td><td>FCC (Kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t)<\/td><td>FCC (Kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t)<\/td><td>FCC (Kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td><td>Cr: 17-19%, Ni: 9-12%, Ti: \u2264 0,70%<\/td><td>Cr: 18-20%, Ni: 8-10,5%<\/td><td>Cr: \uff0818%, Mo: \uff083%, Ni: \uff0814%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb clorua<\/td><td>Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/td><td>620 MPa (89,9 ksi)<\/td><td>505 MPa (73,2 ksi)<\/td><td>580 MPa (84,1 ksi)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/td><td>240 MPa (34,8 ksi)<\/td><td>215 MPa (31,2 ksi)<\/td><td>290 MPa (42,1 ksi)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/td><td>80 HRB<\/td><td>70 HRB<\/td><td>79 HRB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t<\/td><td>Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td><td>T\u1ed1t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td><td>Cao<\/td><td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td><td>Cao h\u01a1n 304 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 321<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td><td>\u1ed0ng x\u1ea3 m\u00e1y bay, x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/td><td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/td><td>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/rust\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/maintenance\/clean\/\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?<\/a><\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh sau khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/magnetic\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 347 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 v\u00e0 321H l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 v\u00e0 321H l\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon. 321H c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon cao h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao so v\u1edbi 321.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft &amp; Th\u00eam n\u1eefa<\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y xem <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/blog\/\">blog c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/contact-us\/\">li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, <strong>Th\u00e9pPRO<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m 100% v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Gh\u00e9 th\u0103m <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\">trang web c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam, ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/contact-us\/\">g\u1eedi cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/a>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SteelPRO Group inventory now has SS 321 (UNS S32100) products in stock: plates, sheets, coils, strips, pipes, tubing, bars, rods, [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10927,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4191,112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grades","category-stainless-steel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10964"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10964\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}