{"id":11040,"date":"2024-09-25T01:53:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T17:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=11040"},"modified":"2024-11-21T11:53:42","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T03:53:42","slug":"grade-316n","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316n\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng, X\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 Th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau, 316N n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 316 v\u00e0 316L.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit ch\u1ee9a molypden \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. N\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m. Do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p 316 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>UNS: S31651<\/li>\n\n<li>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: 1.4429<\/li>\n\n<li>Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: X2CrNiMo17-12-3<\/li>\n\n<li>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n JIS: SUS 316LN<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA240<\/li>\n\n<li>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA276<\/li>\n\n<li>EN 10088-2<\/li>\n\n<li>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n JIS G4303<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N<\/h2><p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/td><td>Ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cacbon (C)<\/td><td>\u2264 0,08%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mangan (Mn)<\/td><td>\u2264 2,00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Silic (Si)<\/td><td>\u2264 1,00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crom (Cr)<\/td><td>16.0% &#8211; 18.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Niken (Ni)<\/td><td>10.0% &#8211; 14.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Molip\u0111en (Mo)<\/td><td>2.0% &#8211; 3.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nit\u01a1 (N)<\/td><td>0.10% &#8211; 0.20%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S)<\/td><td>\u2264 0,03%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ph\u1ed1t pho (P)<\/td><td>\u2264 0,045%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh gi\u00fap n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe.&nbsp;<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao:<\/strong> Do c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nit\u01a1, 316N c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t:<\/strong> 316N v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n:<\/strong> Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u1ea5p 316 kh\u00e1c, 316N c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi clorua v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi:<\/strong> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 sau khi h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7: <\/strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3><p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/td><td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td><td>410\u00b0C (770\u00b0F)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td><td>1400\u00b0C \u2013 1440\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><td>15 W\/mK<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang<\/td><td>470 J\/kg-K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t<\/td><td>8.5E \u2013 7\u03a9\u00b7m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/td><td>7,9g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3><p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/td><td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o (UTS)<\/td><td>550 \u2013 620MPa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/td><td>240MPa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i<\/td><td>30 &#8211; 35%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (Rockwell B)<\/td><td>95 (T\u1ed1i \u0111a)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 Poisson<\/td><td>0.27 &#8211; 0.30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/td><td>196 GPa<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N<\/h3><p>Sau khi tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.&nbsp;<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea5m v\u00e0 l\u00e1: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u1ed0ng v\u00e0 \u1ed0ng: Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n. \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Thanh v\u00e0 que: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u1ed1c v\u00edt, tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i: C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.&nbsp;<\/p><p><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u:<\/strong> 316N l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, axit v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i.<\/p><p><strong>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/p><p><strong>Ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, n\u01a1i v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p><p><strong>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m:<\/strong> 316N \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p><p><strong>B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0m cho 316N tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p><p><strong>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, 316N mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p><p><strong>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y bay:<\/strong> N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y bay.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao do b\u1ed5 sung nit\u01a1<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 304<\/li>\n\n<li>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9 khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/li>\n\n<li>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u01a1n 316L<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 h\u00e0n, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n, c\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1eadp. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1 trong 316N gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c v\u1ee1.<\/p><p><strong>T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a 316N. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t \u00edt t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i bao g\u1ed3m d\u00e2y, t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 thanh.<\/p><p><strong>T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng:<\/strong> T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Sau khi t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng, 316N th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e0n<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/welding\/\">H\u00e0n<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, bao g\u1ed3m 316N. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c vonfram kh\u00ed (GTAW), H\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed (GMAW) v\u00e0 H\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (SMAW).<\/p><p><strong>H\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y:<\/strong> 316N c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gia nhi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec7t. \u1ee6 sau khi h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ecfng, v\u00ec 316N th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t) do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon th\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u00e0y h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau khi h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong.<\/p><p><strong>H\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng tia laser v\u00e0 ch\u00f9m tia \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed: <\/strong>Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, n\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p><p><strong>H\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf:<\/strong> C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng may th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Trong h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N m\u1ecfng.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e8n<\/h3><p>R\u00e8n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00e8n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1150\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1260\u00b0C (2100\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2300\u00b0F).<\/p><p><strong>R\u00e8n khu\u00f4n h\u1edf: <\/strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nung n\u00f3ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eadp n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n ph\u1eb3ng l\u1edbn, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4 nh\u01b0 ph\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c thanh.<\/p><p><strong>R\u00e8n khu\u00f4n k\u00edn:<\/strong> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u00e8n khu\u00f4n n\u00e9n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n. Kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y khoang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.&nbsp;<\/p><p>Sau khi r\u00e8n, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic, 316N kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p><p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a 316N. Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9 trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3><p>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p><p><strong>\u1ee6: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1010\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1120\u00b0C (1850\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2050\u00b0F), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong do gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i. \u1ee6 c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c cacbua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ee7, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p><p><strong>Gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng: <\/strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 800\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 900\u00b0C (1470\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 1650\u00b0F) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N sau c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n n\u1eb7ng.<\/p><p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong> X\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 nung th\u00e9p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim trong dung d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p><p><strong>Ng\u00e2m chua:<\/strong> T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch axit \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp oxit crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><p><strong>S\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: <\/strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng axit oxy h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 axit nitric, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp oxit crom t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p.<\/p><p><strong>\u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u0169ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p.<\/p><p><strong>\u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: <\/strong>\u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ecfng kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n, s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a vi khu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa 316 v\u00e0 316N l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/\">316<\/a> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung nit\u01a1 v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p kim. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a 316N trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Do \u0111\u00f3, 316N th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n: 316N c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n 316 do c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nit\u01a1.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo: C\u1ea3 hai h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a 316N gi\u00fap n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: 316N ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">316N so v\u1edbi 316L<\/h2><p>316N v\u00e0 316L c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon: 316L c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (\u22640,03%) so v\u1edbi 316N (\u22640,08%). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho 316L c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n: 316N c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n 316L do c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nit\u01a1.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: 316L c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, trong khi 316N c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 316N th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh khi \u1ee7, tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 316N \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3n\u201d, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua \u1ea5m, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 60\u00b0C v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebft \u1ed1 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n!<\/h2><p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n mua th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316N v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c, vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7<a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/contact-us\/\"> li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. 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