{"id":11610,"date":"2024-10-10T01:29:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T17:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=11610"},"modified":"2025-02-17T18:52:22","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T10:52:22","slug":"grade-309","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-309\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng, H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, So s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Th\u00eam n\u1eefa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit trong d\u00f2ng 300. Nh\u1edd h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken cao, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c, 309 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>UNS: S30900<\/li>\n\n<li>Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: X15CrNiSi20-12<\/li>\n\n<li>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: 1.4828<\/li>\n\n<li>JIS: SUH 309<\/li>\n\n<li>Anh: 1Cr20Ni14Si2<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309<\/h3><p>ASTM A240, ASTM A167, ASTM A276, ASTM A312, ASTM A580, ASTM A479, ASTM A473, ASTM A314<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309<\/h2><p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 crom v\u00e0 niken cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/td><td>Ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cacbon (C)<\/td><td>\u2264 0,20%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mangan (Mn)<\/td><td>\u2264 2,00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Silic (Si)<\/td><td>\u2264 1,00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crom (Cr)<\/td><td>22.0% &#8211; 24.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Niken (Ni)<\/td><td>12.0% &#8211; 15.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S)<\/td><td>\u2264 0,030%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ph\u1ed1t pho (P)<\/td><td>\u2264 0,045%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">309 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh:<\/p><p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t: <\/strong>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 1900\u00b0F (1038\u00b0C) khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 2000\u00b0F (1093\u00b0C) khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p><p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: <\/strong>V\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><p><strong>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh: <\/strong>V\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00f2 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u00ean trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00e1c.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd sau:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td><td>H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/td><td>8,00 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><td>0,289 lb\/in\u00b3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td><td>1400\u20131455\u00b0C<\/td><td>2550\u20132651\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><td>15,6 W\/mK<\/td><td>108 BTU-in\/gi\u1edd-ft\u00b2-\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><td>14,9 \u00b5m\/m\u00b0C<\/td><td>8,28 \u00b5in\/in\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang<\/td><td>0,12 J\/g\u00b0C<\/td><td>0,12 BTU\/lb\u00b0F<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t<\/td><td>468 \u03bc\u03a9-cm<\/td><td>468 \u03bc\u03a9-cm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td><td>H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o (T\u1ed1i \u0111a)<\/td><td>620MPa<\/td><td>89900 psi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y (\u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch 0,2%)<\/td><td>290MPa<\/td><td>42100 psi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/td><td>50%<\/td><td>50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (Rockwell B)<\/td><td>85<\/td><td>85<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/td><td>200 GPa<\/td><td>29000 kil\u00f4gam<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00f4 \u0111un c\u1eaft<\/td><td>77 GPa<\/td><td>11200 ksi<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Thanh, Thanh tr\u00f2n, Thanh c\u1ed5:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u1ed1c v\u00edt ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>T\u1ea5m, T\u1ea5m: <\/strong>L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00f2 nung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>B\u1ecdc d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u1ed0ng, \u1ed0ng: <\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>D\u00e2y h\u00e0n, d\u00e2y MIG, d\u00e2y TIG: <\/strong>D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m, Ch\u1ed1t, V\u00edt, Bu l\u00f4ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao, n\u01a1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L\u01b0\u1edbi, G\u00f3c: <\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0103n m\u00f2n. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><p><strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2:<\/strong> Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m ch\u1eafn l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u00f3t l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi, n\u01a1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p><p><strong>B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p><p><strong>T\u1ea5m ch\u1eafn n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 h\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao.<\/p><p><strong>L\u1edbp l\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><p><strong>L\u1edbp l\u00f3t l\u00f2 nung:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00f2 nung g\u1ed1m, th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f2 nung kh\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u: L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/h3><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i: Ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 2000\u00b0F, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li><\/ol><ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi: Cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li><\/ol><ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng: H\u1eefu \u00edch trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/li><\/ol><ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li><\/ol><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Chi ph\u00ed: \u0110\u1eaft h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 304 ho\u1eb7c 316 v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/li><\/ol><ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: C\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/li><\/ol><ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>D\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u00edt d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/li><\/ol><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309<\/h2><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/welding\/\">H\u00e0n<\/a> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309. Sau \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n ch\u00ednh<\/h3><p><strong>H\u00e0n TIG: <\/strong>H\u00e0n TIG (h\u00e0n kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 vonfram) th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 ER309 ho\u1eb7c ER309L th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9n. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng argon ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n cao.<\/p><p><strong>H\u00e0n MIG:<\/strong> H\u00e0n MIG (h\u00e0n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n nhanh c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y h\u00e0n ER309, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ecfa ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n th\u1ea5p, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn.<\/p><p><strong>H\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang: <\/strong>H\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang (SMAW) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c E309 ho\u1eb7c E309L ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><p><strong>H\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf:<\/strong> Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng may, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon<\/h3><p>Khi h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng que h\u00e0n ER309 ho\u1eb7c E309 l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n qu\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p sau khi h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><p><strong>L\u00f2 h\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, trong khi th\u00e9p cacbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<\/p><p><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: <\/strong>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 v\u00e0 th\u00e9p cacbon th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><p><strong>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 h\u00e0n v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u1ea3.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, cho ph\u00e9p u\u1ed1n cong, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t. N\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 k\u00e9o s\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1eaft<\/h3><p>Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1eaft plasma<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u1eaft laser<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u1eaft tia n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u1eaft c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft<\/li><\/ul><p>Do \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u cacbua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3ng<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 r\u00e8n, c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 <strong>phun ra<\/strong>. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, do \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00e8n<\/strong>:V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb <strong>1175\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1260\u00b0C (2150\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2300\u00b0F)<\/strong>. N\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 982\u00b0C (1800\u00b0F) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c sau khi n\u00f3ng<\/strong>: N\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 d\u1eadp, k\u00e9o v\u00e0 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ee9ng nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p austenit kh\u00e1c do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken cao h\u01a1n.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 trung gian cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngu\u1ed9i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3><p>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u1ee6<\/strong>: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung n\u00f3ng <strong>1040\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1150\u00b0C (1900\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2100\u00b0F)<\/strong>, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sau khi gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t sau khi gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 800\u00b0C (750\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 1475\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ng\u00e2m chua: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit sau khi gia c\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n m\u1ecbn nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li>\n\n<li>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a: T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp oxit crom b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/li><\/ul><p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa 309 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3><p>C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom (22-24%) v\u00e0 niken (12-15%) cao h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1100\u00b0C (1900\u00b0F), l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 nung v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p><p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chung, <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-304\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/a> linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 870\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c 1600\u00b0F) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 308 hay 309 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/h3><p>C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 308 khi h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken cao h\u01a1n 308, mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/308\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 308<\/a> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p (nh\u01b0 304) v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, 309 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 so v\u1edbi 316<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 <\/a>ch\u1ee9a molypden, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, 309 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a molypden. 316 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, trong khi 309 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1edbp l\u00f3t l\u00f2 v\u00e0 l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 so v\u1edbi 310<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 310 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom (25%) v\u00e0 niken (20%) cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 309, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. 310 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2100\u00b0F (1149\u00b0C), khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t r\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, 309 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, kho\u1ea3ng 1900\u00b0F (1038\u00b0C), nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 so v\u1edbi 321<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-321\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321<\/a> ch\u1ee9a titan, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 800-1500\u00b0F (427-816\u00b0C). Trong khi 321 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a 309 n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00f2 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, 321 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 so v\u1edbi 409<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-409\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 409<\/a> l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferritic c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (10,5-11,75%) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 niken. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 k\u00e9m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 309. 409 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, 309 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>\u1ede d\u1ea1ng \u1ee7, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 clorua cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">309 Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2><p>SteelPRO Group l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><p><strong>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao: <\/strong>SteelPRO Group cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m, l\u00e1, thanh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 cao c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p><p><strong>Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Trung Qu\u1ed1c: <\/strong>L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p><p><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><strong>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng:&nbsp;<\/strong>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/pipe\/309-pipe\/\">309 \u1ed1ng<\/a>, t\u1ea5m, thanh, v.v.<\/span>, d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 nung v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p><p><strong>D\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: <\/strong>SteelPRO Group cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 309, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p><p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh: <\/strong>V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t, h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We will take an in-depth look at 309 stainless steel, including its chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, various forms, [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11607,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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