{"id":11633,"date":"2024-10-15T01:27:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T17:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=11633"},"modified":"2024-11-21T11:21:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T03:21:49","slug":"passivated","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/finish\/passivated\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00eam. Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c y t\u1ebf, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a qua x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p><p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1ch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1eaft tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ASTM A967 v\u00e0 AMS 2700. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp oxit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng oxit crom b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/h2><p>S\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong <strong>th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19<\/strong> khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Trong <strong>th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20<\/strong>, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng trong <strong>\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/strong>. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 <strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA967<\/strong> V\u00e0 <strong>AMS 2700<\/strong> sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?<\/h2><p><strong>H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a 60-70% s\u1eaft, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. Trong khi crom t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft cao h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><p><strong>Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p cacbon ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p><p><strong>T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbp oxit:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>L\u1edbp oxit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i do h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc, khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n.<\/p><p><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, cho ph\u00e9p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom oxit \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<\/p><p><strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>L\u1edbp oxit crom c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2><p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a axit nitric, citric, phosphoric v\u00e0 cromic. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch theo ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t minh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3><p><strong>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>:<br>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c phun c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p><p><strong>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u00cdt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a axit nitric<\/h3><p><strong>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>:<br>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng axit nitric s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit nitric \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi l\u1edbp th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p><p><strong>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li>\n\n<li>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ASTM A967.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba an to\u00e0n.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng axit cromic<\/h3><p><strong>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>:<br>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a axit cromic s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit cromic \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p><p><strong>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e2ng cao trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n\n<li>T\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng do ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m do c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng axit photphoric<\/h3><p><strong>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>:<br>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a axit photphoric kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p><p><strong>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/li>\n\n<li>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ee7.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00cdt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n b\u1ed5 sung trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/h3><p><strong>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>:<br>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p><p><strong>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n\n<li>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0110\u1eaft h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a axit citric<\/h3><p><strong>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a axit citric l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xanh h\u01a1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit citric \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 axit nitric.<\/p><p><strong>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i:<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi axit nitric.<\/li>\n\n<li>Th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u00edt ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n\n<li>N\u00f3 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u00cdt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi axit nitric trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2><p>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, n\u01a1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u01a1n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 <strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 l\u1ea7n<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li>L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 <strong>r\u1ed7<\/strong>, gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sau khi th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 di chuy\u1ec3n theo m\u1ed9t <strong>h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 <strong>l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a tan kim lo\u1ea1i<\/strong>, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m <strong>s\u1eaft mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n\n<li>M\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 <strong>\u00edt b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n<\/strong>, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp oxit:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m d\u00e0y l\u00ean <strong>l\u1edbp oxit crom<\/strong>, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n<li>M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp d\u00e0y h\u01a1n cung c\u1ea5p <strong>b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/strong> ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1eeb t\u00ednh:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u00e9p austenit nh\u01b0 304, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n\n<li>Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd ngu\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd ngu\u1ed9i.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1eb5n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do. M\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 <strong>\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat<\/strong> h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 <strong>h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken<\/strong>v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 <strong>l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c <strong>s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/li>\n\n<li>M\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u00edt khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt h\u01a1n gi\u00fap t\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. <strong>cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/strong>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh n\u01a1i th\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n <strong>\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong>, v\u00ec l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 hao m\u00f2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111ang quay.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb <strong>s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat<\/strong> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf, v\u00ec l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n<li>Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 <strong>kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp<\/strong> v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. L\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi oxy, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n, \u00edt b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u00edt b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. V\u1ec7 sinh:<\/h3><p>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ee1, d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. S\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a:<\/h3><p>Ng\u00e2m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch trong dung d\u1ecbch axit, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 axit nitric ho\u1eb7c axit citric. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed3n axit nitric th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a axit 20-45% \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 70-90\u00b0F trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 30 ph\u00fat. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, natri dicromat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng axit citric c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch:<\/h3><p>Sau khi th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, trung h\u00f2a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch natri hydroxit. Sau \u0111\u00f3, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 lau kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1eb7n axit.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/h3><p>Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c phun mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1eaft tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp oxit v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng (\u0102n m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t):<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>S\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. S\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i, b\u1ecb kh\u1eafc, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Dung d\u1ecbch axit b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Gi\u1eef dung d\u1ecbch axit kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed3n axit b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed ion, c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng clorua th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i 300 v\u00e0 400, trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, trong \u0111\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i \u00edt qu\u00fd h\u01a1n b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/li><\/ol><p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba n\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra xem th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng<\/h2><p>Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3><p>Ng\u00e2m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Ki\u1ec3m tra phun mu\u1ed1i<\/h3><p>\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng phun mu\u1ed1i. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0110\u1ed3ng Sunfat<\/h3><p>B\u00f4i dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat v\u00e0o th\u00e9p. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m<\/h3><p>\u0110\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m oxy h\u00f3a<\/h3><p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a cho th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5m xanh<\/h3><p>B\u00f4i dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5m xanh l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1m xanh n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng 30 gi\u00e2y th\u00ec l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3><p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 <strong>s\u1eaft, crom v\u00e0 niken<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. S\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 crom \u0111\u1ee7 cho th\u1ea5y l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m<\/h2><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ea3y:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp v\u1ea3y n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp oxit h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec7 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 v\u1ea3y n\u1eb7ng.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1edbp s\u01a1n:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit m\u1ecfng, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbp v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00fap t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t kh\u00e1c:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean coi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft r\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 austenitic (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng 18-8), ferritic, martensitic, duplex, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p y t\u1ebf.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Ki\u1ec3u<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Lo\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>C\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Austenit<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/300-series\/\">300<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-304\/\">304<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/\">316<\/a><\/td><td>Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp oxit, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td><td>Ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ferritic<\/td><td>400<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-409\/\">409<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-430\/\">430<\/a><\/td><td>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/td><td>\u1ed0ng x\u1ea3 \u00f4 t\u00f4, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Martensit<\/td><td>400<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-410\/\">410<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-420\/\">420<\/a><\/td><td>Gi\u1ea3m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td><td>Dao k\u00e9o, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u0103n h\u1ed9 song l\u1eadp<\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>2205, 2507<\/td><td>Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7<\/td><td>D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a-C\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a<\/td><td>600<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-630\/\">17-4PH<\/a>, 15-5PH<\/td><td>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t<\/td><td>H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf<\/td><td>18-8<\/td><td>304, 316L<\/td><td>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc<\/td><td>C\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p<\/td><td>200<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-201\/\">201<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-202\/\">202<\/a><\/td><td>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 h\u00e0n<\/td><td>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td><td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o sau khi h\u00e0n<\/td><td>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1eb7n b\u1ea9n do nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp oxit<\/td><td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chung, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hi\u1ebfm khi c\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/h3><p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cao n\u00ean hi\u1ebfm khi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Crom cao<\/strong><\/h4><p>Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 <strong>446<\/strong> t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p kim niken cao<\/strong><\/h4><p>Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 <strong>904L<\/strong> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi do c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a niken, crom v\u00e0 molypden n\u00ean hi\u1ebfm khi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p><p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngo\u00e0i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a?<\/h2><p>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 molypden, niken, tantal, niobi v\u00e0 vonfram. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><p><strong>Nh\u00f4m:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/strong>: Ng\u00e2m trong dung d\u1ecbch cromat ho\u1eb7c phosphat.<br><strong>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ed5 sung nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c anot h\u00f3a.<\/p><p><strong>Titan:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/strong>: X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng axit nitric \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br><strong>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>:T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp oxit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf.<\/p><p><strong>\u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/strong>: X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch natri cacbonat ho\u1eb7c benzotriazole.<br><strong>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p><p><strong>K\u1ebdm:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/strong>: X\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch g\u1ed1c cromat.<br><strong>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>:M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebdm m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm.<\/p><p><strong>Th\u00e9p Cacbon:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/strong>: X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch phosphat.<br><strong>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o l\u1edbp phosphate b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a?<\/h2><p>N\u1ebfu th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u00ean th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u?<\/h2><p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00f4i l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>\u0110\u00fang, <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, gi\u00fap n\u00f3 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Gi\u1ea5m (axit axetic) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c axit m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 axit nitric ho\u1eb7c axit citric. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?<\/h2><p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 phun c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 t\u1ea9y axit. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit m\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ngay h\u00f4m nay<\/h2><p>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch sau khi h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\">T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n SteelPRO<\/a> cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thanh th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c, vui l\u00f2ng truy c\u1eadp <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/blog\/\">trang blog<\/a>. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, vui l\u00f2ng xem <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/finish\/\">h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a>.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/contact-us\/\">Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00eam. [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11634,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4196,112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-finish","category-stainless-steel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11633\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}