{"id":20469,"date":"2025-01-22T02:57:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-21T18:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/?p=20469"},"modified":"2025-01-21T10:04:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T02:04:43","slug":"heat-treatment-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/tool-steel\/process\/heat-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn quy tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao. T\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng: x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p><p>T\u1ea1i SteelPro Group, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u1edf c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/h2><p>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nung n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc mong mu\u1ed1n. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh: \u1ee7, nung n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, austenit h\u00f3a, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ram.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5?<\/h2><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>R\u00e8n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1t, gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1ee6 \u2014 L\u00e0m m\u1ec1m th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/h3><p><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>:<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nung n\u00f3ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 700\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 900\u00b0C, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n<li>Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n<li>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ngay trong l\u00f2, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li><\/ol><p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 gi\u00fap th\u00e9p d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng \u2014 T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n<\/h3><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li><\/ol><p>L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, cong v\u00eanh ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo hai b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p><ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Austenit h\u00f3a<\/li><\/ol><p>L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 austenit h\u00f3a t\u1eeb 760\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1300\u00b0C (1400\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2400\u00b0F). Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/p><p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 austenit h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh austenit, trong khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/li><\/ol><p>Sau khi austenit h\u00f3a, th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh trong <strong>m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/strong>\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, v\u00ec l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c cong v\u00eanh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.&nbsp;<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00fang th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111un n\u00f3ng v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t, v\u00ec d\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i th\u00e9p nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c cong v\u00eanh do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u2014 Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 dai<\/h3><p><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong><\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 150\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 700\u00b0C (300\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 1300\u00b0F).<\/li>\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 30 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n\n<li>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i th\u00e9p \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li><\/ol><p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m d\u1ebbo dai h\u01a1n, trong khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ebbo dai h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u01a1i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh austenitizing<\/h3><p>Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi oxy trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh austenit h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra <strong>t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/strong> V\u00e0 <strong>kh\u1eed cacbon<\/strong>, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p <strong>b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p><p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>l\u00f2 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>, <strong>l\u00f2 nung c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c <strong>l\u00f2 t\u1eafm mu\u1ed1i trung t\u00ednh<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trong <strong>l\u00e1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi oxy.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3><p>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 do nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb <strong>0,0005 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,002 inch tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t inch<\/strong> chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.&nbsp;<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Austenit c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i<\/h3><p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i austenite th\u00e0nh martensite c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 D2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 20% austenite sau khi t\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i austenite c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh martensite \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><p>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi 0 ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i th\u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi -70\u00b0C (-94\u00b0F). N\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m austenit c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2><p>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c pha nh\u01b0 austenite v\u00e0 martensite gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Austenit h\u00f3a<\/h3><p>Khi th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 austenit h\u00f3a, th\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u (ferit ho\u1eb7c perlit) th\u00e0nh austenit. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o s\u1eaft, cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Martensit<\/h3><p>Khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh (l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh), austenit chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh <strong>mactensit<\/strong>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho cacbon khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n ra ngo\u00e0i, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1eaft s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i (BCT), c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi austenit.<\/p><p>Pha martensitic l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tinh ch\u1ebf Martensit<\/h3><p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n, th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong, l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p \u00edt gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2><p>T\u1ea1i SteelPro Group, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/tool-steel\/cr12mov\/\">Ng\u00e0y 2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/tool-steel\/h13\/\">H13<\/a>, V\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/tool-steel\/w18cr4v\/\">Th\u00e9p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 T1<\/a> t\u1ea5m, thanh v\u00e0 thanh \u1edf c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":20460,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4304,4293],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-process","category-tool-steel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20469\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}