{"id":20851,"date":"2025-02-24T05:51:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-23T21:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/?p=20851"},"modified":"2025-03-04T17:53:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T09:53:18","slug":"magnetic-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/alloy-steel\/magnetic\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhanh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong><\/p>

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Trong khi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim gi\u00e0u s\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken\/crom cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a n\u00f3.<\/p>

T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h2>
Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim s\u1eaft t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/td>Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00f4ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p<\/td>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic<\/td>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Ferritic<\/td>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim cao c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom cao<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
Th\u00e9p Cacbon<\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

T\u1ea1i sao t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p?<\/strong><\/p>

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho:<\/p>

  • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1)<\/li>\n\n
  • Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i, n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1)<\/li>\n\n
  • M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n (thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf\/h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i)<\/li><\/ul>

    T\u1ea1i SteelPro Group, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim cho h\u01a1n 200 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i \u2013 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi MRI \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e2ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>

    Ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. <\/p>

    \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh?<\/h2>

    B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan nhanh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. <\/p>

    \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao th\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>

    Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1<\/strong><\/td>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4<\/td>Ferrite\/Martensite = T\u1eeb t\u00ednh, Austenite = Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td><\/tr>
    H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon<\/td>\u2191 Cacbon \u2192 \u2191 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u2193 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m<\/td><\/tr>
    C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim<\/td>Ni\/Cr \u2192 Austenite (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh)<\/td><\/tr>
    X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u2192 Martensit (t\u1eeb t\u00ednh)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4<\/h3>

    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c pha kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 pha ferit ho\u1eb7c martensite c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, trong khi th\u00e9p c\u00f3 pha austenit th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>

    N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/strong>: Ferrit<\/strong> V\u00e0 mactensit<\/strong> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1eaft t\u1eeb v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c spin electron c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb. Austenit<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c spin electron v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem n\u00f3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>

    H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon<\/h3>

    T\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong> trong th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e9p t\u00ednh th\u1ea5m<\/strong> t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u00f3a h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>

    N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/strong>: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon cao h\u01a1n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng<\/strong>, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensite khi th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh. Martensite c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c spin electron, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1eaft t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>

    C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim<\/h3>

    C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u01b0 niken<\/strong> V\u00e0 crom<\/strong> l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong th\u00e9p. Khi crom v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 12% v\u00e0 niken v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 8%, th\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh pha austenit kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong>.<\/p>

    N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/strong>: S\u1eaft<\/strong> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ee3p kim v\u1edbi niken v\u00e0 crom, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh austenit<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c spin electron. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/strong> (c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken cao) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>

    X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>

    X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong> t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. L\u00e0m m\u00e1t nhanh (l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i) kh\u00f3a th\u00e9p v\u00e0o t\u1eeb t\u00ednh martensitic<\/strong> pha, trong khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh austenit<\/strong> pha. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd \u201ckh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t\u201d c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>

    C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c<\/h3>
    • \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

      \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. S\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf.<\/p>

      • K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

        C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t oxy) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong th\u00e9p) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>

        C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>

        L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim (>90% \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i), t\u00ednh s\u1eaft t\u1eeb v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia h\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>

        Crom<\/h3>

        T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Crom \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea1i 12% ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/strong>, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi crom v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 12%<\/strong> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi niken, n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit<\/strong>, l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. <\/p>

        Niken<\/h3>

        Niken l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit<\/strong>, l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 8%<\/strong>. Th\u00e9p (niken 10-14%) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nam ch\u00e2m. \u1ede m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, niken c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n, cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, ngay c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>

        mangan<\/h3>

        Mangan l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh austenit<\/strong>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 niken. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a niken nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 201<\/strong> (7.5% mangan) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>

        Cacbon<\/h3>

        Cacbon t\u0103ng l\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensit<\/strong>, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau d\u1eadp t\u1eaft<\/strong>Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m, khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb h\u00f3a h\u01a1n.<\/p>

        T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>
        • S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Cr + Ni<\/strong>: Ri\u00eang Crom (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430) gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi niken (304\/316), n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra austenit kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n\n
        • Ghi \u0111\u00e8 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>:Ngay c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh martensit (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 17-4 PH).<\/li><\/ul>

          C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h2>
          Ki\u1ec3u<\/strong><\/td>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh?<\/strong><\/td>H\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
          Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p<\/td>4140<\/a>, 4340<\/a><\/td>\u2705 C\u00f3<\/td>S\u1eaft, Cacbon, Mangan, Crom<\/td><\/tr>
          Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim cao<\/td>8630, 9310<\/td>\u2705 C\u00f3<\/td>S\u1eaft, Crom, Molypden, Niken<\/td><\/tr>
          Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Ferritic<\/td>430<\/a>, 446<\/a><\/td>\u2705 C\u00f3<\/td>S\u1eaft, Crom (<12%)<\/td><\/tr>
          Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic<\/td>410<\/a>, 420<\/a><\/td>\u2705 C\u00f3<\/td>S\u1eaft, Cacbon, Crom<\/td><\/tr>
          Th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/td>Ng\u00e0y 2<\/a>, H13<\/td>\u2705 C\u00f3<\/td>S\u1eaft, Cacbon, Molypden, Crom<\/td><\/tr>
          Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic<\/td>304<\/a>, 316<\/a>, 310<\/a><\/td>\u274c Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>S\u1eaft, Crom (>12%), Niken (>8%)<\/td><\/tr>
          Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/td>904L<\/td>\u274c Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>S\u1eaft, Crom, Niken (>25%)<\/td><\/tr>
          Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 g\u1ed1c Mangan<\/td>201, 202<\/td>\u274c Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>S\u1eaft, Crom, Mangan (\u22657%)<\/td><\/tr>
          Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/td>17-4 PH<\/a><\/td>\ud83d\udd04 Thay \u0111\u1ed5i
          (Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t)<\/td>          		S\u1eaft, Crom, Niken, \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

          \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Khi n\u00e0o t\u1eeb t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>

          C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h3>
          • \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

            Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim t\u1eeb t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u cao v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u00f5i th\u1ea5p, cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. <\/p>

            Th\u00e9p silic, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>

            • Linh ki\u1ec7n \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

              Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ABS, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>

              C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h3>
              • Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf (T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch MRI)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

                V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro trong m\u00e1y MRI, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim niken cao \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e9t.<\/p>

                • M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

                  Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Th\u00e9p t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng s\u1edbm. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t trong khi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>

                  Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim<\/h2>

                  Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nam ch\u00e2m<\/h3>

                  C\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m c\u1ea7m tay<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu th\u00e9p thu h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a pha s\u1eaft t\u1eeb<\/strong> nh\u01b0 ferit ho\u1eb7c martensite. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c phi t\u1eeb<\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit.<\/p>

                  Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong>:<\/p>

                  • Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/strong> sau khi gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n\n
                  • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/strong>: Th\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai pha t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 pha phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n\n
                  • Thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf.<\/li><\/ul>

                    \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>

                    K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn<\/h3>

                    C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>

                    Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m<\/h4>

                    Ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1ea9m (\u03bc)<\/strong>\u2014v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>

                    • M\u1ed8T m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem th\u00e9p c\u00f3 s\u1eaft t\u1eeb, thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c phi t\u1eeb<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n
                    • N\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u1ea5p th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/strong> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li><\/ul>

                      Ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y<\/h4>

                      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/strong> c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p.<\/p>

                      • M\u1ed8T cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n
                      • S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n
                      • Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>

                        Ch\u1ecdn th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean gia<\/h2>

                        Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo ng\u00e0nh. T\u1ea1i SteelPro Group, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p:<\/p>

                        • H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chuy\u00ean gia<\/strong> v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n
                        • Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ISO 17025<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n
                        • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/strong> d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/li><\/ul>

                          \u0110\u1eebng m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m ch\u1ecdn sai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u2014h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngay h\u00f4m nay! Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi SteelPro Group \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>

                          <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc: H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Trong khi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim gi\u00e0u s\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, th\u00ec [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":20852,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4308],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alloy-steel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20851","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20851"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20851\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20851"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20851"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20851"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}