{"id":21609,"date":"2025-03-12T06:49:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T22:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/?p=21609"},"modified":"2025-03-11T14:02:27","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T06:02:27","slug":"repair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/galvanized-steel\/maintenance\/repair\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1edf v\u00e0 bong tr\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ISO 1461 v\u00e0 ASTM A123\/A123M thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 dung sai khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>

C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm<\/span><\/h2>

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/h3>

C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n, th\u01b0\u1eddng do chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00e9m, c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm.<\/span><\/p>

L\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c<\/span><\/h3>

L\u1edbp k\u1ebdm t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e9p, khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>: \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh k\u00e9m do v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>

R\u1ec9 s\u00e9t tr\u1eafng<\/span><\/h3>

M\u1ed9t c\u1eb7n b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebdm theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/p>

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>: Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 k\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>

Ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p<\/span><\/h3>

C\u00e1c b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 do hydro ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>: Hydro b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e2m chua ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed3n k\u1ebdm n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/span><\/p>

T\u00edch t\u1ee5 k\u1ebdm d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/span><\/h3>

C\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5c k\u1ebdm t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u.<\/span><\/p>

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>: Ng\u00e2m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u trong b\u1ed3n k\u1ebdm ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00fat kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>

N\u1ee9t<\/span><\/h3>

C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c kh\u00fac cua ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1nh, khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p.<\/span><\/p>

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>: \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t cao trong th\u00e9p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp k\u1ebdm kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>

S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Spangle<\/span><\/h3>

C\u00e1c hoa v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebdm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n.<\/span><\/p>

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>: S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a k\u1ebdm n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm?<\/span><\/h2>

S\u01a1n gi\u00e0u k\u1ebdm<\/span><\/h3>

S\u01a1n gi\u00e0u k\u1ebdm ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp k\u1ebdm hy sinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>

  1. Lau d\u1ecdn<\/span>: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t, b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
  2. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1n<\/span>: Qu\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c phun s\u01a1n gi\u00e0u k\u1ebdm (k\u1ebdm \u226590% trong m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n kh\u00f4) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean tr\u00ean khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
  3. X\u00e1c minh<\/span>: Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

    Phun nhi\u1ec7t (Phun kim lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebdm)<\/span><\/h3>

    Phun nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>

    1. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/span>: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
    2. Phun k\u1ebdm<\/span>:S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00fang phun nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 phun k\u1ebdm n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
    3. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y<\/span>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

      H\u00e0n h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm<\/span><\/h3>

      H\u00e0n h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1ecf, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3c. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>

      1. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb khu v\u1ef1c<\/span>: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed7 khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
      2. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n<\/span>: L\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y thanh h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f2 v\u00e0 r\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean v\u1ebft h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
      3. Thanh tra<\/span>: \u0110\u1ec3 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra xem l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

        Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/h3>

        C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa kh\u00e1c nhau: s\u01a1n gi\u00e0u k\u1ebdm cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, phun nhi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u00e0n h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>

        \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 dung sai l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n sau.<\/span><\/p>

        Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm<\/span><\/h2>

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, bao g\u1ed3m Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO1461<\/span>, Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA123<\/span>, Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA153<\/span>, V\u00e0 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA767<\/span>, ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khu v\u1ef1c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 sau khi s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. <\/span><\/p>

        B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>

        T\u00ean chu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/td>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khu v\u1ef1c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
        Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO1461<\/td>\u2264 1,55 in\u00b2 (10 cm\u00b2)<\/td>1,8\u20133,3 mils (45\u201385 \u00b5m)<\/td><\/tr>
        Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA123<\/td>\u2264 1 trong (25,4 mm)<\/td>2,2\u20133,9 mils (55\u2013100 \u00b5m)<\/td><\/tr>
        Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA153<\/td>–<\/td>1,7\u20131,8 mils (43\u201345 \u00b5m)<\/td><\/tr>
        Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA767<\/td>Ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/td>3,3\u20133,9 mils (85\u2013100 \u00b5m)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

        Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO1461<\/span><\/h3>

        Dung sai khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt<\/span><\/p>