{"id":7621,"date":"2024-08-01T17:08:15","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T09:08:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=7621"},"modified":"2024-11-14T10:52:32","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T02:52:32","slug":"melting-point-temperature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/manufacturing\/property-1\/melting-point\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung, n\u00f3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng <strong>1370\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1530\u00b0C<\/strong> (ho\u1eb7c <strong>2500\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2800\u00b0F<\/strong>). Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng tan ch\u1ea3y xung quanh <strong>1425\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1540\u00b0C<\/strong> (2600\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2800\u00b0F).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/strong>, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong ph\u1ea1m vi <strong>1400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1530\u00b0C<\/strong> (2550\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2790\u00b0F). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/8, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kho\u1ea3ng <strong>1400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1450\u00b0C<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft) ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim) m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn sang d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kho\u1ea3ng 1084\u00b0C, trong khi nh\u00f4m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, kho\u1ea3ng 660\u00b0C. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon<\/h3><p>H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Th\u00e9p cacbon cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p v\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cacbon l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon cao g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong th\u00e9p, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o th\u00e9p (nh\u01b0 crom, niken v\u00e0 molypden) c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a crom c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n, trong khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a niken c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t<\/h3><p>S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 oxy, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu trong tinh th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t<\/h3><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t cao th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, trong khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p?<\/h2><p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf quang h\u1ecdc<\/h3><p>Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf quang h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111o c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf quang h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebf qu\u00e9t vi sai (DSC)<\/h3><p>DSC x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1eabu v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i. Trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (TGA)<\/h3><p>TGA \u0111o s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite. Trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m TGA, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p?<\/h2><p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m l\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00f2 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3><p>L\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao do h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gang. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong l\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 3000\u00b0C, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 gia nhi\u1ec7t nhanh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00f2 cao<\/h3><p>L\u00f2 cao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (nh\u01b0 than c\u1ed1c) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u00e9p ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2 cao \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 2000\u2103, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 sung v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/guide\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0C)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0F)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-304\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/a><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1400-1450<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2552-2642<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/a><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1375-1400<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2507-2552<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-430\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430<\/a><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1425-1510<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2597-2750<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-434\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 434<\/a><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1426-1510<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2600-2750<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-420\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 420<\/a><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1450-1510<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2642-2750<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-410\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 410<\/a><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1480-1530<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2696-2786<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0C)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0F)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Th\u00e9p Carbon Th\u1ea5p<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1410-1530<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2570-2786<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Th\u00e9p Cacbon trung b\u00ecnh<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1400-1500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2552-2732<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Th\u00e9p Cacbon Cao<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1370-1521<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2500-2770<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1420<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2588<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p<\/h2><p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3><p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p gi\u00fap l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/h3><p>Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u1eeda ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 trong h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3><p>Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p gi\u00fap l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, b\u00ecnh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/h3><p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, c\u00e1nh tua bin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00ean l\u1eeda. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf<\/h3><p>Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1000 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Kh\u00f4ng, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf 1000\u00b0C. Th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 1370\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1530\u00b0C (2500\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2800\u00b0F), t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ede 1000\u00b0C, th\u00e9p s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y h\u01a1n s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>C\u00f3, th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y h\u01a1n s\u1eaft nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. S\u1eaft nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf 1538\u00b0C, trong khi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat do c\u00f3 cacbon ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y h\u01a1n do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u <strong>l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m<\/strong> \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa <strong>425\u00b0C v\u00e0 870\u00b0C<\/strong> (800\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 1600\u00b0F), t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00e0m m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 <strong>425\u00b0C<\/strong> (800\u00b0F).<\/li>\n\n<li>V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng <strong>600\u00b0C<\/strong> (1100\u00b0F), th\u00e9p m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n<li>B\u00ean tr\u00ean <strong>870\u00b0C<\/strong> (1600\u00b0F), th\u00e9p tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p ch\u00e1y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao. Th\u00e9p c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 1500\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1800\u00b0C trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng oxy nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e1y.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p<\/h2><p>Ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, th\u00e9p c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/\">c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/a>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/p><p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u00e3y khi ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng l\u1edbn, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea7u, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb7ng.<\/p><p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: <\/strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, do c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. \u1ed0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p><p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n: <\/strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u1ea7u, t\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p><p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thanh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u00f5i m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.<\/p><p><strong>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh:<\/strong> T\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1ea9m cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p><p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng: <\/strong>Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft, d\u1eadp, k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n, v.v. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h2><p>Ngo\u00e0i th\u00e9p, c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ri\u00eang. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0C)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0F)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Nh\u00f4m<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">660<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1220<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Thau<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">905-932<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1660-1710<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110\u1ed3ng<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">913<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1675<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0110\u1ed3ng<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1084<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1983<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Gang \u0111\u00fac<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1127-1204<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2060-2200<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Niken<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1453<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2647<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Titan<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1670<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3040<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Vonfram<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3400<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6150<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">K\u1ebdm<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">420<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">787<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ch\u1ec9 huy<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">328<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">621<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">V\u00e0ng<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1063<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1945<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">B\u1ea1c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">961<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1761<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Thi\u1ebfc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">232<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">450<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">mangan<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1244<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2271<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Hafni<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2227<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4041<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao nh\u1ea5t?<\/h2><p><strong>Vonfram<\/strong> c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i, \u1edf m\u1ee9c <strong>3422\u00b0C<\/strong> (ho\u1eb7c <strong>6192\u00b0F<\/strong>). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao, nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y t\u00f3c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t?<\/h2><p><strong>Th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n<\/strong> c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o, \u1edf m\u1ee9c <strong>-38,83\u00b0C<\/strong> (ho\u1eb7c <strong>-37,89\u00b0F<\/strong>). N\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n!<\/h2><p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c, vui l\u00f2ng truy c\u1eadp <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/blog\/\">blog<\/a>. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ee3p kim, vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/contact-us\/\">\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung, n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1370\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1530\u00b0C (ho\u1eb7c [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7623,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4203,114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-property-1","category-manufacturing"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7621"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7621\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}