{"id":7853,"date":"2024-08-08T01:45:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T17:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=7853"},"modified":"2025-02-18T10:20:29","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T02:20:29","slug":"made","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/what-is-made-of\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb g\u00ec: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111a n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 crom, niken, molypden, cacbon, mangan, silic v\u00e0 nit\u01a1. M\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u00f4 t\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp.&nbsp;<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb s\u1eaft, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft, crom, niken, molypden, cacbon, mangan, silic v\u00e0 nit\u01a1. M\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>S\u1eaft (Fe)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: Cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1eaft d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Crom (Cr)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 10,5%, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 16%-26%.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp oxit crom b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p. M\u1ee9c crom cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i austenit (304, 316) v\u00e0 ferritic (430).<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Niken (Ni)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: Ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1eeb 8%-20%.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit. Niken c\u0169ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit, l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenit (304, 316).<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Molip\u0111en (Mo)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: 2%-3%.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: T\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua. C\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 316 v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hai l\u1edbp.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cacbon (C)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: Nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,1% \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n (l\u00ean t\u1edbi 1,2%) \u1edf th\u00e9p martensitic.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u cacbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh crom cacbua.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: Martensitic (410, 420) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i austenitic.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mangan (Mn)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1%-2%.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed oxy v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng. Mangan c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 do.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 austenitic v\u00e0 duplex.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Silic (Si)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: Kho\u1ea3ng 1%.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00f2).<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nit\u01a1 (N)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 duplex v\u00e0 austenitic.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: L\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 0,2%.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p duplex v\u00e0 austenit. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/strong><\/h2><p>Ph\u1ed1t pho (P), l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S), titan (Ti) v\u00e0 niobi (Nb) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf, ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ed1t pho (P)<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: 0.03% &#8211; 0.045%<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c h\u00e0n. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed1t pho cao g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00f2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 430F).<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S)<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: D\u01b0\u1edbi 0,03%-0,04%<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sunfua l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh cao g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 303 (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do).<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Titan (Ti)<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: 0.5% &#8211; 1.0%<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh cacbua titan, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cacbua crom v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai. C\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u do t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 321 v\u00e0 347 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Niobi (Nb)<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: 0.1% &#8211; 0.5%<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh cacbua niobi, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cacbua crom v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t. L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong<\/strong>: C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 17-4 PH) v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 347 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul><p>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2><p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/austenitic\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenit<\/a> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom (16-26%) v\u00e0 niken (6-22%) cao. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung niken gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit, khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Molypden th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o (2-3%) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Ferritic<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/ferritic\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Ferritic<\/a> c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom cao h\u01a1n (10,5-30%) v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p austenit. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung b\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. Th\u00e9p ferit c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 \u00f4 t\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n th\u00e9p austenit nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/types\/martensite\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic<\/a> c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (0,1-1,2%), mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (12-18%) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 dao k\u00e9o, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tua bin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e9p martensitic c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p austenitic v\u00e0 ferritic.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Duplex<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/duplex\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Duplex<\/a> c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a austenit v\u00e0 ferit, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng nhau. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom cao (19-32%) v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (1-8%), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi molypden (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 5%) v\u00e0 nit\u01a1. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p duplex b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 r\u1ed7 do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p austenit ho\u1eb7c ferit ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a-l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a crom (15-17%), niken (4-7%) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 niobi. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn trong ma tr\u1eadn kim lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. Th\u00e9p t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, n\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Lo\u1ea1i<\/td><td>C\u1ea5p<\/td><td>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u00e0i so\u1ea1n<\/td><td>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-304\/\">304<\/a><\/td><td>Crom (18-20%), Niken (8-10.5%), Cacbon (\u22640.08%)<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0n cao. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/\">316<\/a><\/td><td>Crom (16-18%), Niken (10-14%), Molypden (2-3%), Cacbon (\u22640.08%)<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Ferritic<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-430\/\">430<\/a><\/td><td>Crom (16-18%), Cacbon (\u22640.12%)<\/td><td>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong trang tr\u00ed \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-409\/\">409<\/a><\/td><td>Crom (10,5-11,75%), Niken (\u22640,5%), Cacbon (\u22640,08%)<\/td><td>C\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-410\/\">410<\/a><\/td><td>Crom (11,5-13,5%), Cacbon (\u22640,15%)<\/td><td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong dao k\u00e9o, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-420\/\">420<\/a><\/td><td>Crom (12-14%), Cacbon (0,15-0,4%)<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong dao k\u00e9o v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Duplex<\/td><td>2205<\/td><td>Crom (22-23%), Niken (4,5-6,5%), Molypden (3-3,5%), Nit\u01a1 (\u22640,2%)<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 r\u1ed7 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2507<\/td><td>Crom (24-26%), Niken (6-8%), Molypden (3-5%), Nit\u01a1 (\u22640,3%)<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-630\/\">17-4 PH<\/a><\/td><td>Crom (15-17,5%), Niken (3-5%), \u0110\u1ed3ng (3-5%), Niobi (0,15-0,45%)<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15-5 PH<\/td><td>Crom (14-15,5%), Niken (3,5-5,5%), \u0110\u1ed3ng (2,5-4,5%), Niobi (0,15-0,45%)<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2><p><strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e9p cacbon ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/alloy-steel\/\">th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim<\/a>, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Th\u00e9p cacbon)<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Cacbon (C)<\/strong>: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon cao h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 0,1% \u0111\u1ebfn 2%, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Mangan (Mn)<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0,3% \u0111\u1ebfn 1%.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Silic (Si)<\/strong>: C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb 0,1% \u0111\u1ebfn 0,5%.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ed1t pho (P) v\u00e0 L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S)<\/strong>: C\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p (d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,05%) v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crom (Cr)<\/strong>: T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 10,5%, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Niken (Ni)<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (8%-20%) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng axit.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Molip\u0111en (Mo)<\/strong>: Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 2%-3%, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Carbon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/strong>: N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,1% \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cacbua l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/strong>: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken cao trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 gi\u00fap th\u00e9p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/strong>: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon cao h\u01a1n trong th\u00e9p cacbon khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u00e9m d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u00edt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng<\/strong>:Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u00e9p cacbon d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken cao.<\/li><\/ul><p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, trong khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 100% c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Kh\u00f4ng, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e9p 100%. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng) nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 crom, niken v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 molypden. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e2ng cao, nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/rust\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t<\/a>, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10,5%) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba g\u1ec9 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 axit cao, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ec9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a BPA trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Kh\u00f4ng, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a BPA (Bisphenol A). BPA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a BPA v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 crom, niken, molypden, carbon, mangan, silicon v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit (c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken cao) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic (c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon cao h\u01a1n) l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 duplex c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Kh\u00f4ng, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb s\u1eaft, crom, niken v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2><p>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb crom \u0111\u1ebfn nit\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u00fap th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a austenitic, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a martensitic ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 duplex. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau, mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p><p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stainless steel is versatile and commonly used with its excellent corrosion resistance and strength. Its composition primarily includes iron, along [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4201,112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-production","category-stainless-steel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7853"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7853\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}