{"id":7856,"date":"2024-08-08T02:05:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T18:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=7856"},"modified":"2024-11-13T14:51:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T06:51:30","slug":"properties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Blog n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u1ea1i \u0111a n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, hay inox, CRES, v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1eaft 70-80%, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10,5% crom v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 cacbon. Crom b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e9p kh\u1ecfi r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n, v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh h\u01a1n nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf cao, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u00f4 t\u00f4, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m austenitic, ferritic, martensitic v\u00e0 duplex.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?&nbsp;<\/h2><p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng khi c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/magnetic\/\">t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a> thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit (d\u00f2ng 300) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, trong khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferritic v\u00e0 martensitic (d\u00f2ng 400) c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/h3><p>V\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 7,8 gam tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t centimet kh\u1ed1i, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1eb7ng. <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/density\/\">m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p SS<\/a> t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00e9m. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gia nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/melting-point\/\">\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a> \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 1.400 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.530 \u0111\u1ed9 C (2.552 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.786 \u0111\u1ed9 F). \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 nung, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u (t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u00e3y (t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo). Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n, c\u00e1n v\u00e0 r\u00e8n, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ed1c, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u00e3y. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u01a1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 xo, ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.&nbsp;<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?&nbsp;<\/h2><p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 khe h\u1edf, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10,5% crom v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 niken, molypden v\u00e0 cacbon. Crom l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh cung c\u1ea5p cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo c\u1ea5p, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung nh\u01b0 niken \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c molypden \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h3><p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do crom, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf, n\u01a1i g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/corrosion-resistant\/\">kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a> r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec7 sinh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1eef s\u1ea1ch trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u0103n m\u00f2n, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a cao, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Crom t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a ti\u1ebfp theo. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00f2 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng oxy h\u00f3a.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m. <\/p><p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/a>, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a molypden, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i clorua v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 khe h\u1edf<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a molypden nh\u01b0 316, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng do clorua g\u00e2y ra. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u clorua.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t<\/h3><p>\u0102n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 321 v\u00e0 347, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a titan ho\u1eb7c niobi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ee9t<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC), do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-304\/\">304<\/a> v\u00e0 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i SCC, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 SCC do clorua g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/finish\/passivated\/\">th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u00e2m trong b\u1ed3n axit nitric ho\u1eb7c axit citric \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p><p>Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111a n\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><p>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb g\u00e3y. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, lo\u1ea1i 304 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o kho\u1ea3ng 210 MPa (30.000 psi) \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7. Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00ean 1.050 MPa (153.000 psi) \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><p>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9n, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, tinh ch\u1ebf h\u1ea1t, gia c\u01b0\u1eddng dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn, l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gia c\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh x\u1eed l\u00fd qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 \u1ee7 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, kho\u1ea3ng 200 \u0111\u1ebfn 250 MPa, trong khi th\u00e9p 304 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 250 \u0111\u1ebfn 300 MPa.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><p>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u00e3y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kho\u1ea3ng 40%-60%, cho ph\u00e9p k\u00e9o th\u00e0nh d\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kho\u1ea3ng 20% v\u00e0 40%. Trong khi th\u00e9p cacbon d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng niken c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><p>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01a1n tr\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Duplex cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 400 \u0111\u1ebfn 600 MPa, trong khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 600 MPa. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ram c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng thang Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC) ho\u1eb7c Vickers (HV). Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao nh\u1ea5t (HRC 40-60), trong khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (HRC 15-30). C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, ram v\u00e0 \u1ee7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u01b0 crom, niken, cacbon v\u00e0 molypden, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/hardness\/\">\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a>.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eadm. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 martensitic, trong \u0111\u00f3 ferritic l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y, kh\u1eed oxy, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><p>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ban \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u00e3y, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i cao nh\u1ea5t (40%-60%), trong khi martensitic v\u00e0 ferritic c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (20%-30%). H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon cao v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, trong khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0 \u1ee7, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i cao l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3><p>M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, hay m\u00f4 \u0111un Young, \u0111o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferit c\u00f3 m\u00f4 \u0111un cao nh\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 200 GPa), trong khi austenit c\u00f3 m\u00f4 \u0111un th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 193 GPa). \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u00f4 \u0111un c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit gi\u1ea3m nhanh h\u01a1n, trong khi ferritic v\u00e0 martensitic gi\u1ea3m ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?&nbsp;<\/h2><p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/production\/made\/\">th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a> h\u1ee3p kim \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft, crom, niken v\u00e0 molypden, m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crom<\/strong>: Cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Niken<\/strong>: T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai, \u0111\u1ed9 dai v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Molipden<\/strong>: T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Cacbon<\/strong>: \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/li><\/ul><p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3><p>C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, bao g\u1ed3m \u1ee7, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ram, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u1ee6<\/strong>:Bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nung th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/strong>: L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i th\u00e9p nhanh sau khi nung \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/strong>: L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul><p>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9<\/h3><p>L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u0103ng, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1n, k\u00e9o v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L\u0103n<\/strong>: N\u00e9n th\u00e9p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>V\u1ebd<\/strong>: K\u00e9o th\u00e9p qua khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>U\u1ed1n cong<\/strong>:Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p.<\/li><\/ul><p>L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u00f2 xo, ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 cao do c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a crom, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9.<\/p><p><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/rust\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 100 n\u0103m, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u1ea3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 gia d\u1ee5ng.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2><p>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong c\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\"><strong>T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n SteelPRO<\/strong><\/a> cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, h\u00e3y truy c\u1eadp <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/blog\/\">trang blog<\/a>.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/contact-us\/\">Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn hay nh\u1ea5t!<\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Blog n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stainless-steel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7856"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7856\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}