{"id":7860,"date":"2024-08-08T04:02:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T20:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=7860"},"modified":"2025-02-17T19:09:01","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T11:09:01","slug":"18-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/18-0\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u01afu v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 430) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferritic <\/a>lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i (BCC), ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m crom 18% v\u00e0 niken 0%. Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 430 (AISI) v\u00e0 1.4016 (EN). N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/10 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a crom 18% v\u00e0 niken 0%. Inox 18\/0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u2014\u201dInox\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u201cinoxydable\u201d, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng oxy h\u00f3a\u201d), gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0<\/h2>

Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0:<\/p>

S\u1eaft, Fe<\/strong><\/td>Crom, Cr<\/strong><\/td>Mangan, Mn<\/strong><\/td>Silic, Si<\/strong><\/td>Cacbon, C<\/strong><\/td>Ph\u1ed1t pho, P<\/strong><\/td>L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, S<\/strong><\/td>Niken, Ni<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>16-18%<\/td>\u2264 1,0%<\/td>\u2264 1,0%<\/td>\u2264 0,12%<\/td>\u2264 0,04%<\/td>\u2264 0,03%<\/td>0%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft, crom v\u00e0 cacbon trong l\u00f2. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. Sau khi \u1ee7, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00e9p tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>

Kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n<\/h3>

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a niken, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p k\u00e9m linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n.<\/p>

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/8 v\u00e0 18\/10 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t h\u01a1n. Niken b\u1ed5 sung c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>

18\/0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferritic c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i (BCC). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c pha c\u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 c\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c r\u00e8n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. <\/p>

H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p 18\/0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Cacbon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p, v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c pha l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 cacbua ho\u1eb7c martensite. Th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon tr\u00ean 0,3% \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh martensite khi t\u00f4i nhanh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0, v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 0,12%, thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0<\/h2>

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/p>

  1. C\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb do ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft cao.<\/li>\n\n
  2. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n\n
  3. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/li><\/ol>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>

    Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0:<\/p>

    T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/td>7,80 g\/cm\u00b3 (0,282 lb\/in\u00b3)<\/td>M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td>1425 \u2013 1510 \u00b0C (2600-2750\u00b0F)<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (100\u00b0C)<\/td>26,1 W\/m\u00b7K (15,08 BTU\/gi\u1edd\u00b7ft\u00b7\u00b0F)<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp<\/td><\/tr>
    CTE, Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (20\u2103)<\/td>10,4 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7\u00b0C (5,78 \u00b5in\/in\u00b7\u00b0F)<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td><\/tr>
    Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang (0-100\u00b0C)<\/td>460 J\/kg\u00b7K (0,11 BTU\/lb\u00b7\u00b0F)<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>1.4 % IACS<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/td><\/tr>
    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh, h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3>

    Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0:<\/p>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td>18\/0<\/strong><\/td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/td>517 MPa (75 ksi)<\/td>\u0110\u1ee7 b\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb; kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr>
    S\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/td>345 MPa (50 ksi)<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i; th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n cong n\u00f3i chung<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Brinell<\/td>185 HB<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p; ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Rockwell<\/td>85 HRB<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Vickers<\/td>200 HV<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/td>20-30%<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t<\/td><\/tr>
    M\u00f4 \u0111un Young<\/td>200 GPa (29 msi)<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao; duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>

    Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0:<\/p>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9m h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y pH<\/td>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c pH kh\u00e1c nhau<\/td>Th\u1ea5p; \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00f4n h\u00f2a<\/td><\/tr>
    Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/td>Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>Th\u1ea5p; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/td><\/tr>
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 oxy h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi oxy<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9m h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/td><\/tr>
    th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/td>H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u00eam<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n 304<\/td><\/tr>
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00e1y<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft l\u1eeda v\u00e0 ch\u00e1y<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y<\/td><\/tr>
    T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y<\/td>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft l\u1eeda v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

    \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>

    Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0:<\/p>

    1. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a niken, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng niken.<\/li>\n\n
    2. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed, th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n
    3. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4.<\/li>\n\n
    4. C\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, h\u1eefu \u00edch cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 dao t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n\n
    5. T\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 mang l\u1ea1i v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cao.<\/li><\/ol>

      Nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>

      1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 18\/8 ho\u1eb7c 18\/10, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n\n
      2. \u00cdt b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u00f3p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n
      3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao.<\/li>\n\n
      4. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n
      5. Tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 k\u00e9m tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/li><\/ol>

        \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0<\/h2>

        Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 n\u0129a, dao v\u00e0 th\u00eca, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 mu\u00f4i, th\u00eca c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh v\u00e0 k\u1eb9p g\u1eafp. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 khay n\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 dao t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111a n\u0103ng trong nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp.<\/p>

        B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u \u0103n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

        Trong khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u \u0103n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbng do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Nh\u00ecn chung, n\u00f3 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u \u0103n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf crom v\u00e0 niken c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 18\/8 ho\u1eb7c 18\/10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>

        18\/0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

        Kh\u00f4ng, 18\/0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng ph\u1eb3ng; c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 18\/8 ho\u1eb7c 18\/10 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>

        Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00e1y r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

        C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>

        So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 so v\u1edbi 18\/8 so v\u1edbi 18\/10<\/h2>

        H\u00e3y xem b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh nhanh gi\u1eefa ba lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>

        T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td>18\/0<\/strong><\/td>18\/8<\/a><\/strong><\/td>18\/10<\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
        Ki\u1ec3u<\/td>Ferritic<\/td>Austenit<\/td>Austenit<\/td><\/tr>
        C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3<\/td>BCC (Kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3)<\/td>FCC (Kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t)<\/td>FCC (Kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t)<\/td><\/tr>
        Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>Cr: 16-18%, Ni: .5%<\/td>Cr: 18-20%, Ni: 8-10,5%<\/td>Cr: \uff0818%, Mo: \uff083%, Ni: \uff0814%<\/td><\/tr>
        Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td>V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>Cao<\/td><\/tr>
        S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/td>V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>Cao<\/td>Cao h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr>
        \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/td>Cao<\/td>V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td><\/tr>
        Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n<\/td>Ngh\u00e8o<\/td>T\u1ed1t<\/td>T\u1ed1t<\/td><\/tr>
        T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td><\/tr>
        Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td>V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>Cao<\/td><\/tr>
        \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp n\u00f3i chung<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3 n\u1ea5u \u0103n cao c\u1ea5p, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp cao c\u1ea5p<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

        Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m<\/h2>

        B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>

        Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

        \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 niken n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/8 ho\u1eb7c 18\/10. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb.<\/p>

        C\u00e1i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n? 18\/0, 18\/8 hay 18\/10?<\/h3>

        Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/10 (316) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n, v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/8 (304) l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n cho 18\/10, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3. Trong khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 (430) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t trong ba lo\u1ea1i, th\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>

        \u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan<\/strong>
        Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 so v\u1edbi 18\/10<\/a>
        Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 so v\u1edbi 316<\/a> (18\/8 so v\u1edbi 18\/10)<\/p>

        \u0110\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c 18\/0 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

        C\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i, do thi\u1ebfu h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. <\/p>

        \u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan<\/strong>
        Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/p>

        Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

        C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a niken v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ferritic. <\/p>

        N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ferritic, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1eaft, cho ph\u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Niken, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 18\/8, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. V\u00ec th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 niken n\u00ean n\u00f3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>

        \u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan
        <\/strong>        Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/p>

        Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

        C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 n\u00f3i chung an to\u00e0n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a niken, do \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 18\/8 ho\u1eb7c 18\/10.<\/p>

        L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>

        S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 lau kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y b\u00f4i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p baking soda ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda m\u00e0i m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. V\u1ec7 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 lau kh\u00f4 nhanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t.<\/p>

        \u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan<\/strong>
        L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?<\/a><\/p>

        T\u00f3m t\u1eaft & Th\u00eam n\u1eefa<\/h2>

        B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/0. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y xem blog c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a>.

        L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, Th\u00e9pPRO<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m 100% v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Gh\u00e9 th\u0103m         trang web c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam, ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/a>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        What Is 18\/0 Stainless Steel? 18\/0 stainless steel (also known as 430) is a ferritic stainless steel grade with a […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7835,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4191,112],"tags":[4275],"class_list":["post-7860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grades","category-stainless-steel","tag-featured"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7860"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7860\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}