M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/td> 200 GPa<\/td> 29.000 kil\u00f4gam<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h2> Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 axit nitric. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbua \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t. N\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong khi ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i axit kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>
Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 khe h\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 870\u00b0C trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 815\u00b0C trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng, trang tr\u00ed \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao.<\/p>
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2> Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 870\u00b0C (1598\u00b0F) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 815\u00b0C (1499\u00b0F) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/h3> Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t v\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom cao. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eb7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>
\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7<\/h3> Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00f2n khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong kho\u1ea3ng 400-600\u00b0C (752-1112\u00b0F) trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7. \u1ee6 dung d\u1ecbch bao g\u1ed3m nung v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn 815-845\u00b0C (1499-1553\u00b0F), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i trong l\u00f2 ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, gi\u00fap h\u00f2a tan crom cacbua v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo. \u1ee6 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung \u0111\u1ebfn 760-815\u00b0C (1400-1499\u00b0F) r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>
X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2> Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferritic gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>
Dung d\u1ecbch \u1ee7<\/h3> \u1ee6 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn 815-845\u00b0C (1499-1553\u00b0F), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm trong l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ebfn 600\u00b0C (1112\u00b0F), r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u00f2a tan b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 crom cacbua n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>
\u1ee6 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/h3> \u1ee6 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nung th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 \u0111\u1ebfn 760-815\u00b0C (1400-1499\u00b0F) r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>
430 Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>T\u1ea5m v\u00e0 T\u1ea5m<\/h3> T\u1ea5m v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1n ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed \u00f4 t\u00f4, t\u1ea5m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>
Cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y<\/h3> Cu\u1ed9n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>
Thanh<\/h3> Thanh c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1c v\u00edt, linh ki\u1ec7n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>
\u1ed0ng v\u00e0 \u1ed0ng<\/h3> \u1ed0ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 r\u1ed7ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>
D\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3> D\u00e2y th\u00e9p bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 m\u1ecfng, m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo. D\u00e2y th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f2 xo, l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e9p, d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>
D\u1ea3i<\/h3> D\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng ph\u1eb3ng, h\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac khu\u00f4n, ho\u1eb7c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ecf.<\/p>
S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>
Gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430<\/h2>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p Austenitic<\/h3> Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p austenit nh\u01b0 304, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n. Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 430F, v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh cao h\u01a1n, mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>
Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>N\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac: Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 (s\u1eaft, crom, cacbon, v.v.) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y trong l\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m.<\/li><\/ul>C\u00e1n n\u00f3ng: C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng.<\/li><\/ul>\u1ee6: Th\u00e9p c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 815-845\u00b0C v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<\/li><\/ul>Ng\u00e2m chua: X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng axit gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit v\u00e0 c\u1eb7n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li><\/ul>C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i: Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li><\/ul>\u1ee6 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng: \u1ee6 th\u00eam gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul>T\u1ea9y r\u1eeda v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a: X\u1eed l\u00fd axit cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul>Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n: C\u1eaft, t\u1ec9a v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00fap chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u00e9p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li><\/ul>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9ng<\/h3> Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p, cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p austenit. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>
\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed9i<\/h3> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i \u00edt kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 trung gian d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba gi\u00f2n.<\/p>
H\u00e0n<\/h2> Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>
L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u1ee7 sau khi h\u00e0n<\/h3> L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc: N\u00ean l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng th\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 150-200\u00b0C (302-392\u00b0F) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t.<\/p>
\u1ee6 sau khi h\u00e0n: \u1ee6 sau khi h\u00e0n \u1edf 790-815\u00b0C (1454-1499\u00b0F) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ebf h\u1ea1t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>
Thanh ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/h3> Que h\u00e0n ph\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng que h\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 430, 308L, 309 v\u00e0 310, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>
Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ch\u00ednh<\/h3> Tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>:Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u1ea1t b\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1nh gi\u00f2n.<\/p>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n.<\/p>L\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/strong>: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t sau khi h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430<\/h2>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng<\/h3> Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho l\u1edbp l\u00f3t m\u00e1y r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n, t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, v\u00f2ng \u1ed1p b\u1ebfp, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p>
Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/h3> Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac khu\u00f4n, bu\u1ed9c d\u00e2y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ed1c v\u00edt v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>
S\u1ef1 thi c\u00f4ng<\/h3> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i, \u1ed1p t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i, t\u1ea5m t\u01b0\u1eddng, khung c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>
Ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/h3> Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda, m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb pha ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 dao k\u00e9o do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p>
Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/h3> C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y axit nitric, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 h\u00fat kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i axit nitric v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3<\/h2>C\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/td>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>430F<\/td> Gia c\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/td> D\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n 430 do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.<\/td><\/tr> 434<\/td> Mang Molypden<\/td> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 khe h\u1edf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p 430 do c\u00f3 th\u00eam molypden.<\/td><\/tr> 304<\/td> C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Austenitic<\/td> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 430.<\/td><\/tr> 316<\/td> C\u1ea5p Austenitic ch\u1ee9a Molypden<\/td> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 430.<\/td><\/tr> 3CR12<\/td> Ti\u1ec7n \u00edch Ferritic<\/td> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 430 so v\u1edbi 304: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y<\/h2><\/td> 304<\/a><\/strong><\/td> 430<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/td> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n<\/td> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cao b\u1eb1ng 304<\/td><\/tr> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n<\/td> T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh<\/td> \u00cdt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 304<\/td><\/tr> Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td> \u0110\u1eaft h\u01a1n<\/td> Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u00ed<\/td><\/tr> \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/td> 515MPa<\/td> 450MPa<\/td><\/tr> S\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/td> 205MPa<\/td> 310MPa<\/td><\/tr> \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (Brinell)<\/td> 201<\/td> 183<\/td><\/tr> \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i<\/td> 40%<\/td> 22%<\/td><\/tr> Crom (Cr)<\/td> 18-20%<\/td> 16-18%<\/td><\/tr> Niken (Ni)<\/td> 8-10.5%<\/td> \u2264 0,75%<\/td><\/tr> Cacbon (C)<\/td> \u2264 0,08%<\/td> \u2264 0,12%<\/td><\/tr> \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/td> M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n<\/td> M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"This article discusses 430 stainless steel, focusing on its composition, properties, and applications. It highlights the alloy’s 16-18% chromium content […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7838,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4191,112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grades","category-stainless-steel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7865\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}