{"id":8332,"date":"2024-08-16T05:10:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T21:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=8332"},"modified":"2025-02-17T18:28:16","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T10:28:16","slug":"grade-304","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-304\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, X\u1eed l\u00fd, \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

SteelPRO Group cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m, t\u1ea5m, cu\u1ed9n, d\u1ea3i, thanh, que, \u1ed1ng, d\u00e2y, v.v. b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng\/l\u1ea1nh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM ho\u1eb7c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 2B, No.4, HL, BA, No.1, No.8, v.v. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316, 321 v\u00e0 430 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o 100% kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1eabu mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed!<\/strong><\/p>

\u2192Nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/a><\/p>

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A2 ho\u1eb7c 18\/8, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t (FCC), ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m crom 18% v\u00e0 niken 8%. N\u00f3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 1.4301 (EN) v\u00e0 SUS304 (JIS). Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. <\/p>

\"T\u1ea5m<\/figure>

<\/p>

Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304?<\/h3>

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c WH Hatfield ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1924 khi \u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Firth Brown \u1edf Sheffield, Anh. Hatfield \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Harry Brearley, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p ch\u1ee9a crom 18% v\u00e0 niken 8%, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/8. H\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u201cStaybrite 18\/8\u201d. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>

\"Ti\u1ebfn
Ngu\u1ed3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: https:\/\/www.sheffield.ac.uk\/cmbe\/school\/hatfield-memorial-lecture<\/figcaption><\/figure>

<\/p>

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/h2>

Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304:<\/p>

S\u1eaft, Fe<\/strong><\/td>Crom, Cr<\/strong><\/td>Niken, Ni<\/strong><\/td>Mangan, Mn<\/strong><\/td>Silic, Si<\/strong><\/td>Cacbon, C<\/strong><\/td>Nit\u01a1, N<\/strong><\/td>Ph\u1ed1t pho, P<\/strong><\/td>L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, S<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>18-20%<\/td>8-10.5%<\/td>\u22642,0%<\/td>\u22641,0%<\/td>\u22640,08%<\/td>\u22640,10%<\/td>\u22640,045%<\/td>\u22640,03%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/h2>

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/p>

  1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u1ed1.<\/li>\n\n
  2. B\u1ec1n, ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n\n
  3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau do t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li><\/ol>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>

    Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304:<\/p>

    T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (Metric\/Imperial)<\/strong><\/td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/td>8,00 g\/cm\u00b3 (0,289 lb\/in\u00b3)<\/td>M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t.<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td>1400-1455\u00b0C (2550 \u2013 2650\u00b0F)<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (100\u00b0C)<\/td>16,2 W\/m\u00b7K (9,36 BTU\/gi\u1edd\u00b7ft\u00b7\u00b0F) <\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/td><\/tr>
    CTE, Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (20\u2103)<\/td>17,3 \u00b5m\/m-\u00b0C (9,61 \u03bcin\/in\u00b7\u00b0F) <\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/td><\/tr>
    Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang (0-100\u00b0C)<\/td>500 J\/kg\u00b7K (0,12 BTU\/lb\u00b7\u00b0F) <\/td>Cao; th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>2.5 % IACS<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/td><\/tr>
    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td>N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

    *CTE, Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t, tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/em><\/p>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3>

    Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304:<\/p>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t\/H\u1ec7 Anh)<\/strong><\/td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/td>505 MPa (73,2 ksi)<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh; \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1t so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m<\/td><\/tr>
    S\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c<\/td>215 MPa (31,2 ksi)<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh; th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Brinell<\/td>123 HB<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Rockwell<\/td>70 HRB<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Vickers<\/td>129 HV<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/td>70%<\/td>R\u1ea5t cao; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m<\/td><\/tr>
    M\u00f4 \u0111un Young<\/td>193 GPa (28 msi)<\/td>Cao; c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p cacbon m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>

    Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304:<\/p>

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi; v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u clorua so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y pH<\/td>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c pH kh\u00e1c nhau<\/td>Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi pH r\u1ed9ng; linh ho\u1ea1t cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau<\/td><\/tr>
    Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/td>Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>Th\u1ea5p; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr>
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh oxit<\/td>Cao; t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom cao<\/td><\/tr>
    th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/td>S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/td>Cao; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td><\/tr>
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00e1y<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft l\u1eeda<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y<\/td><\/tr>
    T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/h2>

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 870\u00b0C v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 925\u00b0C. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 425\u00b0C \u2013 860\u00b0C do nguy c\u01a1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a carbide. <\/p>

    Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, 304L \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n h\u00e0n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbua do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao \u1edf 500\u00b0C \u2013 800\u00b0, 304H l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>

    Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a>. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9. <\/p>

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u clorua, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1eb7n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 60\u00b0C (140\u00b0F) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi clorua.<\/p>

    Gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/h2>

    H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 austenit v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00f2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. <\/p>

    C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 900\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1180\u00b0C (1650\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 2150\u00b0F). Sau khi t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. <\/p>

    \"qu\u00e1<\/figure>

    <\/p>

    H\u00e0n<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n do c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 TIG, MIG v\u00e0 h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. <\/p>

    V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 308L. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9n n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a 304 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. \u1ee6 sau khi h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u1eeb khi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>

    \"h\u00e0n<\/figure>

    <\/p>

    Gia c\u00f4ng<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p cacbon, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng kho\u1ea3ng 45-55% so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 316. <\/p>

    Khi gia c\u00f4ng 304, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0i m\u00f2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. L\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>

    \"qu\u00e1<\/figure>

    <\/p>

    X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>

    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i. X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m \u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0:<\/p>

    1. Dung d\u1ecbch \u1ee7<\/strong>: L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 1010\u20131120\u00b0C (1850\u20132050\u00b0F), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u00f2a tan cacbua v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim.<\/li>\n\n
    2. Gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/strong>:N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (kho\u1ea3ng 450-600\u00b0C) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong.<\/li><\/ol>

      \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/h2>

      Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304:<\/p>

      1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n
      2. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac khu\u00f4n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n\n
      3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n\n
      4. An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n\n
      5. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/li><\/ol>

        Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304:<\/p>

        1. D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.<\/li>\n\n
        2. Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao.<\/li>\n\n
        3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ee9t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a clorua.<\/li>\n\n
        4. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00eam.<\/li>\n\n
        5. Kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n th\u00e9p cacbon, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ol>

          \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/h2>

          Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nhanh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>

          Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
          Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m & \u0110\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/td>B\u1ed3n r\u1eeda nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, B\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a bia, Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eefa<\/td>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, duy tr\u00ec v\u1ec7 sinh, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec7 sinh<\/td><\/tr>
          Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc<\/td>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, C\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh, D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nha khoa<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec1n, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u1ec7 sinh<\/td><\/tr>
          \u00d4 t\u00f4<\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, vi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac, b\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/td>Ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft, duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td><\/tr>
          S\u1ef1 thi c\u00f4ng<\/td>T\u1ea5m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, lan can, c\u1eeda thang m\u00e1y, \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/td>Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ec1n, \u00edt b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

          C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>

          Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a SS 304 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>

          Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/strong><\/td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\/\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/td>L\u1edbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
          Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/td>GB\/T3280<\/td>0Cr18Ni9<\/td><\/tr>
          Hoa K\u1ef3<\/td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMA240<\/td>304<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0110\u1ee9c<\/td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n DIN EN 10088-2<\/td>1.4301 (X5CrNi18-10)<\/td><\/tr>
          Nga<\/td>TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N 5632<\/td>08\u042518\u041d10<\/td><\/tr>
          Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/td>EN 10088-2<\/td>X5CrNi18-10 (1.4301)<\/td><\/tr>
          Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n JIS G4303<\/td>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/td><\/tr>
          Anh qu\u1ed1c<\/td>BS 1449<\/td>304S15, 304S16, 304S31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

          C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/h2>

          D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>

          Kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/td>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec 304?<\/strong><\/td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
          304L<\/td>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n carbon th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a 304<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n sau khi h\u00e0n<\/td>X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng<\/td><\/tr>
          304H<\/td>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n carbon cao c\u1ee7a 304<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/td>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00f2 h\u01a1i<\/td><\/tr>
          304N<\/td>304 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nit\u01a1<\/td>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n<\/td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/td><\/tr>
          304LN<\/td>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nit\u01a1, \u00edt carbon 304<\/td>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>B\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a l\u1ea1nh, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

          *Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>

          1. 304L ch\u1ee9a \u22640,03% cacbon, trong khi 304H ch\u1ee9a 0,040 \u2013 0,10 % cacbon.<\/li>\n\n
          2. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn k\u00e9p\u201d, nh\u01b0 304\/304L, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. <\/li>\n\n
          3. 304L d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 sau khi h\u00e0n do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. 304H, v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n
          4. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304LN ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li><\/ol>

            S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u00e0 316<\/h2>

            Chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u00e0 316<\/a> n\u1eb1m \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh nhanh:<\/p>

            T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td>304<\/strong><\/td>316<\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>Cr: 18-20%, Ni: 8-10,5%<\/td>Cr: \u2264 18%, Ni: \u2264 14%, Mo: \u2264 3%<\/td><\/tr>
            Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>S\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng chung, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>S\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n<\/td><\/tr>
            \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed \u00f4 t\u00f4, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v.v.<\/td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, v.v.<\/td><\/tr>
            Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td>Th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/td>Cao h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

            Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m<\/h2>

            B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

            V\u00e2ng, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t<\/a> trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, clo ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit.<\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

            Kh\u00f4ng, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m hoen \u1ed1<\/a>. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng k\u00e9m.<\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

            V\u00e2ng, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0o<\/a> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee9ng v\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 molypden ho\u1eb7c vanadi. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

            C\u00f3, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>

            Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 hay 316 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/h3>

            T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n do c\u00f3 th\u00eam molypden, gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ef1c cao.<\/p>

            V\u1edb th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 SteelPRO Group<\/h2>

            SteelPRO Group cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>