{"id":9345,"date":"2024-09-17T05:03:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T21:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/app11147.cloudwayssites.com\/?p=9345"},"modified":"2025-02-18T10:20:25","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T02:20:25","slug":"304-ss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/properties\/magnetic\/304-ss\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u: Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 304 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 (m\u1ec1m). Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i, h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac martensitic, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a SS304<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3><p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 l\u00e0 s\u1eaft, crom v\u00e0 niken. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung niken gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit, do \u0111\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ferit (nh\u01b0 crom, molypden, silic, v.v.), n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n austenit chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ferit ho\u1eb7c martensite, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u1ebft nh\u01b0 cacbon v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensite v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/h3><p>X\u1eed l\u00fd ngu\u1ed9i (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n, u\u1ed1n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ngu\u1ed9i, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i pha martensitic, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3><p>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. \u1ee6 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha martensitic ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenitic v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cao ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p><strong>M\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh:<\/strong> V\u1edbi m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh hay kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p><p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra nam ch\u00e2m:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t nam ch\u00e2m g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. N\u1ebfu nam ch\u00e2m b\u1ecb h\u00fat r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0.<\/p><p><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: <\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o.<\/p><p><strong>\u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m t\u1eeb:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.&nbsp;<\/p><p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5u v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 MRI. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o.&nbsp;<\/p><p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00ednh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.&nbsp;<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a SS304?<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3><p><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao: Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t austenit ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pha kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 ferit), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p l\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n (nh\u01b0 ion clorua, axit, ki\u1ec1m, v.v.) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp \u0103n m\u00f2n. L\u1edbp \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n cao.<\/p><p><strong>Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: <\/strong>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t), th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC) ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n pha do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (nh\u01b0 austenit th\u00e0nh martensite). S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i (nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 d\u1eadp), do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ra chuy\u1ec3n pha martensitic, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e3o h\u00f3a<\/h3><p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1eddi gian: <\/strong>Theo th\u1eddi gian, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00e3o h\u00f3a. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt vi m\u00f4 b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n pha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1eadm c\u1ee7a austenite th\u00e0nh martensit), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a s\u1ebd t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/p><p><strong>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ec7t: <\/strong>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 tr\u1ea3i qua trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt vi m\u00f4 ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu; trong khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a SS304?<\/h2><p>Sau khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau.<\/p><p><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 800\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1050\u00b0C, duy tr\u00ec trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Kh\u1eed t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n kh\u1eed t\u1eeb nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1eed t\u1eeb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb l\u00e3o h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t sinh khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngu\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e3o h\u00f3a (gi\u1eef ph\u00f4i h\u1ee3p kim \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/li><\/ul><p>Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304?<\/h2><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gia c\u00f4ng: Gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ferit.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cao g\u00e2y thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1eed t\u1eeb: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y kh\u1eed t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1eed t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed t\u1eeb.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><p>X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1eed t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: kh\u1eed t\u1eeb AC v\u00e0 kh\u1eed t\u1eeb DC. Kh\u1eed t\u1eeb AC ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n, trong khi kh\u1eed t\u1eeb DC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfp theo: Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/h2><p><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-304\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/a> l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u01a1i b\u1ecb h\u00fat d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh sau khi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit. S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c electron trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 austenit kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c electron kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00f4i, s\u1ebd li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft t\u1eeb.<\/p><p>Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd ngu\u1ed9i (nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, v.v.), c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh martensit, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">So s\u00e1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u00e0 316<\/h2><p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u00e0 316 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3><p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 molypden (Mo) v\u00e0o th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ion clorua. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung molypden \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim h\u01a1n n\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0n<\/h3><p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i (nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n, d\u1eadp, v.v.) v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/welding\/\">h\u00e0n<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 b\u00ean trong, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn austenit chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh martensite ho\u1eb7c ferit t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2><p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Ferritic v\u00e0 Martensitic c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h3><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/ferritic\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Ferritic<\/a>:<\/strong> ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 409, 430 v\u00e0 439, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ferit cao v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferit th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c v\u00ec gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/types\/martensite\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic<\/a>:<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i 410, 420 v\u00e0 440, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t dao, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/duplex\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Duplex<\/a><\/strong>: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 2205, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a austenite v\u00e0 ferrite v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Duplex th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h3><p><strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/type\/austenitic\/\">c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 austenit<\/a><\/strong> th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><p><strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh sau khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua).<\/li>\n\n<li>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 304, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh khi \u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh sau khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Austenitic kh\u00e1c<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>310, 321 v\u00e0 347<\/strong> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li><\/ul><p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i austenit n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3><p>Kh\u00f4ng. Trong khi <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-316\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/a> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 <strong>kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong>, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n cong, k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh).<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316L c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3><p>KH\u00d4NG. <strong>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316L<\/strong> n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 <strong>kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong> nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh <strong>h\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong> sau \u0111\u00f3 <strong>l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh<\/strong> (u\u1ed1n cong ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh).<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n!<\/h2><p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ngu\u1ed3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.&nbsp;<\/p><p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n mua <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a> s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, xin vui l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 <a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/contact-us\/\">li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a>!<\/p><p><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/stainless-steel\/grades\/grade-18-10\/\">Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/10: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9343,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4206,4202,112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-magnetic","category-properties","category-stainless-steel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9345\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/steelprogroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}