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A514 | High-Strength Structural Steel

A514 | High-Strength Structural Steel

A514, also called T-1 steel, is a high-strength alloy known for its toughness. The “A” indicates ASTM standards, and “514” reflects its 100,000 psi (700 MPa) minimum yield strength. It offers good weldability and machinability, ideal for load-bearing uses in construction and heavy equipment. Equivalent grades include ASTM A517, S700MC, and E690D.

We offer A514 products with 6 to 120mm thicknesses (customizable), 900~4800 mm widths, and 3000~25000 mm lengths according to the ASTM A514 standard.

Description

What is A514?

ASTM A514, also called T-1 steel, is an alloy steel made of about 98% iron, with carbon, chromium, manganese, and molybdenum. It is a quenched and tempered alloy steel in plate form. A514 is mainly used as structural steel in construction, with a high yield strength of 100,000 psi (about 700 MPa), offering strong weldability, machinability, and toughness. It comes in grades like A, B, C, E, F, H, J, K, M, P, Q, S, and T for different uses.

Characteristics of A514 Steel

A514 steel offers high strength, toughness, and good machinability, making it ideal for load-bearing applications in construction, heavy equipment, and transportation. Its chemical composition and heat treatment give it more toughness and strength than non-heat-treated carbon steel. Though weldability is limited, proper techniques can ensure strong joints. For better weldability, S460 or EN S355 are recommended alternatives. S460 offers improved strength with good weldability, suitable for structural applications under heavy loads. EN S355 provides high strength and easy welding, fitting well in general structural needs.

Chemical Compositions

ElementContent (%)
Carbon, C0.12 – 0.21
Manganese, Mn0.60 – 1.00
Phosphorus, P≤ 0.035
Sulfur, S≤ 0.035
Silicon, Si0.15 – 0.35
Chromium, Cr0.40 – 0.65
Molybdenum, Mo0.15 – 0.25
Vanadium, V0.03 – 0.08
Boron, B≤ 0.003
Nickel, Ni (optional)0.25 max

Physical Properties

PropertyValue (Metric)Value (Imperial)
Density7.85 g/cm³0.283 lb/in³
Melting Point1,425 – 1,538 °C2,597 – 2,800 °F
Boiling Point~3,000 °C~5,432 °F
Thermal Conductivity36 – 50 W/m·K250 – 350 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F
Electrical Conductivity3 – 7 MS/m3 – 7 MS/m
Specific Heat Capacity486 J/kg·K0.116 BTU/lb·°F
Thermal Expansion Coefficient12 x 10⁻⁶ /K6.7 x 10⁻⁶ /°F
Electrical Resistivity25 x 10⁻⁸ Ω·m25 x 10⁻⁸ Ω·m

Mechanical Properties

PropertyValue (Metric)Value (Imperial)
Tensile Strength690 – 895 MPa100,000 – 130,000 psi
Yield Strength≥ 690 MPa≥ 100,000 psi
Brinell Hardness235 – 300 HB235 – 300 HB
Rockwell Hardness22 – 30 HRC22 – 30 HRC
Vickers Hardness245 – 310 HV245 – 310 HV
Elongation16 – 18%16 – 18%
Elastic Modulus200 GPa29,000 ksi

Data After QT(Quenching and Tempering) Processing

 

PropertyMetricImperial
Tensile Strength760 – 940 MPa110,000 – 136,000 psi
Yield Strength≥ 725 MPa≥ 105,000 psi
Brinell Hardness280 – 340 HB280 – 340 HB
Rockwell Hardness30 – 35 HRC30 – 35 HRC
Vickers Hardness290 – 350 HV290 – 350 HV
Elongation12 – 15%12 – 15%
Elastic Modulus200 GPa29,000 ksi

Industries & Applications

IndustriesProducts
ConstructionBridges, Skyscrapers, Beams, Columns, Frames
MiningExcavator Buckets, Dump Truck Bodies, Shovels, Chutes, Crushers
Heavy EquipmentCranes, Forklifts, Bulldozers, Loaders, Backhoes
TransportationRail Cars, Truck Trailers, Cargo Containers, Ship Decks, Aerospace Components
Oil & GasOffshore Platforms, Pipelines, Drilling Equipment, Tanks, Pressure Vessels
Military & DefenseArmored Vehicles, Tanks, Missile Launchers, Military Bridges, Bunkers
ManufacturingPress Frames, Mold Bases, Dies, Conveyor Systems, Machine Parts
EnergyWind Turbine Towers, Hydropower Plants, Nuclear Plant Structures, Transmission Towers, Solar Equipment

Machining

A514 Heat Treatment

  1. Preheating:
    • Heat the steel to 650 – 750°C (1200 – 1380°F).
    • This reduces thermal stress during further heating.
  2. Austenitizing:
    • Heat the steel to 900 – 940°C (1650 – 1725°F) and hold it until the material reaches uniform temperature.
    • At this stage, the steel transforms into austenite, ready for quenching.
  3. Quenching:
    • Rapidly cool the steel in water or oil.
    • This step increases hardness and strength by transforming austenite into martensite.
  4. Tempering:
    • Heat the steel to 200 – 650°C (390 – 1200°F), depending on the desired balance between hardness and toughness.
    • This step relieves internal stress, improves ductility, and refines hardness.

A514 Surface Treatments

  1. Galvanization: Adds a zinc coating to improve corrosion resistance.
  2. Powder Coating: Provides enhanced durability and aesthetic appeal with color options.
  3. Anodizing: Increases surface hardness and wear resistance.
  4. Shot Peening: Improves fatigue strength by introducing compressive stress on the surface.
  5. Electroplating: Deposits a thin metal layer (e.g., chromium or nickel) to improve corrosion and wear resistance.
  6. Polishing: Achieves a smooth, reflective surface for decorative or functional purposes.
  7. Pickling and Passivation: Removes surface contaminants and prevents corrosion.

Custom surface treatment requirements can be accommodated upon request.

Disclaimer

The above heat treatment instructions and surface finish processing methods for A514 steel are provided for informational purposes only. Actual results may vary based on specific conditions and equipment used. Testing is recommended, and a metallurgical expert or material supplier should be consulted to ensure the processes are suitable for your specific application. The user assumes all risks and liability for the use of this information.

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