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Q390 STEEL | STRUCTURAL STEEL

Q390 STEEL | STRUCTURAL STEEL

Q390 is a high-strength, low-alloy structural steel widely used in engineering and construction. The “Q” denotes the yield point, while “390” indicates a yield strength of 390 MPa. This steel offers high strength, good weldability, and excellent toughness, making it ideal for bridges, buildings, and heavy machinery. Its equivalent grades include ASTM A572 Grade 55 and JIS G3106 SM490. We can produce Q390NB/C/D/E products in thicknesses of 6 to 150 mm according to GB/T 1591.

Description

What is Q390

Q390 is a high-strength low-alloy structural steel primarily used in various engineering structures. It is composed of approximately 0.18% carbon, 1.60% manganese, 0.035% phosphorus, and 0.035% sulfur, with the balance being iron. Typically supplied as solid plates, Q390 features high strength, good weldability, toughness, and wear resistance. It also has subcategories Q390A, Q390B, Q390C, Q390D, and Q390E. It is mainly used in construction, bridges, and heavy machinery. Processed through hot rolling, Q390 can be further categorized into subgrades based on specific mechanical properties.

Characteristics of Q390 Steel

Q390 steel, with a yield strength of up to 390 MPa, supports heavy loads. Its good weldability enables easy fabrication, while its toughness ensures resilience in challenging environments. The wear resistance enhances durability, making it ideal for heavy machinery and structures. Q390 also offers excellent ductility and impact resistance, ensuring reliable performance under dynamic loads. Its fine grain structure improves toughness and weldability. Although Q390 excels in construction and bridges, alternatives like S355, S460, and A992 may provide better toughness or corrosion resistance.
ElementPercentage (%)
Carbon (C)0.20 max
Silicon (Si)0.55 max
Manganese (Mn)1.00 – 1.60
Phosphorus (P)0.035 max
Sulfur (S)0.035 max
Chromium (Cr)0.30 max
Nickel (Ni)0.30 max
Copper (Cu)0.30 max
PropertyMetricImperial
Density7.85 g/cm³0.284 lb/in³
Melting Point1400°C – 1450°C2552°F – 2642°F
Thermal Conductivity35 W/m·K20.2 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F
Specific Heat Capacity500 J/kg·K0.12 BTU/lb·°F
Thermal Expansion Coefficient12 x 10⁻⁶ /°C6.7 x 10⁻⁶ /°F
Electrical Resistivity0.15 x 10⁻⁶ Ω·m0.15 x 10⁻⁶ Ω·m
PropertyValue (Metric)Value (Imperial)
Tensile Strength490 – 620 MPa71 – 90 ksi
Yield Strength≥ 390 MPa≥ 56.6 ksi
Brinell Hardness (HB)140 – 190 HB140 – 190 HB
Rockwell Hardness (HRC)20 – 25 HRC20 – 25 HRC
Vickers Hardness (HV)150 – 200 HV150 – 200 HV
Elongation≥ 20%≥ 20%

Data After Quenching and Tempering(QT)

PropertyValue (Metric)Value (Imperial)
Tensile Strength600 – 750 MPa87 – 109 ksi
Yield Strength≥ 460 MPa≥ 66.7 ksi
Impact Toughness27 J at -20°C20 ft·lbf at -4°F
Elongation≥ 18%≥ 18%
Reduction of Area50%50%
Elastic Modulus210 GPa30.5 Msi
IndustryProducts
Bridges and Building StructuresGirders, Trusses, Support Beams, Columns
Automotive and Truck PartsChassis, Frames, Suspension Components, Reinforcements
Railroad Cars and Cargo ContainersRailroad Car Bodies, Underframes, Side Panels, Cargo Container Walls
Structural TubingFrameworks, Support Structures, Scaffolding, Pipelines
Lighting StandardsStreetlight Poles, Floodlight Columns, Traffic Signal Posts, Public Area Lighting
Transmission PolesElectrical Power Poles, Communication Towers, Utility Poles, Telecommunication Masts
Heavy MachineryExcavator Booms, Crane Arms, Mining Equipment Frames, Forestry Machinery Chassis
Marine and Offshore StructuresShip Hulls, Offshore Platform Structures, Deck Supports, Marine Piles
Industrial ManufacturingHeavy-duty Conveyor Systems, Large Industrial Presses, Furnace Structures, Steel Mill Equipment Frames

Q390 Heat Treatment

  • Heating: Heat the steel to 880-920°C (1615-1690°F) to achieve uniform austenitization.
  • Soaking: Hold at the target temperature for 30-60 minutes, depending on thickness, to ensure even heat distribution.
  • Quenching: Rapidly cool in water or oil to increase hardness and strength.
  • Tempering: Reheat to 550-650°C (1020-1200°F) and hold for 1-2 hours to relieve internal stresses and improve toughness.
  • Cooling: Allow the steel to cool in air to achieve a balance of strength, toughness, and ductility.

Q390 Surface Finish Processing

  • Shot Blasting: Clean the surface using steel shots to remove scale, rust, and contaminants.
  • Painting: Apply a layer of primer followed by a topcoat for corrosion protection.
  • Galvanizing: Coat with zinc to protect from corrosion, especially in harsh environments.
  • Polishing: Improve the surface finish to achieve a smooth and reflective appearance.

Custom grades can be provided according to requirements.

Disclaimer
The above heat treatment instructions and surface finish processing methods for Mn13 steel are provided for informational purposes only. Actual results may vary based on specific conditions and equipment used. Testing is recommended, and a metallurgical expert or material supplier should be consulted to ensure the processes are suitable for your specific application. The user assumes all risks and liability for the use of this information.

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