Cr12MoV | D2 | SKD11 | Cold Work Tool Steel
Cr12MoV | D2 | SKD11 | Cold Work Tool Steel
Cr12MoV is a cold work tool steel widely used in China. It is also called D2, SKD11, and 1.2379. This steel is known for its high hardness and wear resistance. “Cr12MoV” signifies its main alloying elements: Chromium (Cr), Molybdenum (Mo), and Vanadium (V). “12” represents the approximate 12% chromium content. This composition provides superior hardness and toughness after heat treatment. Cr12MoV is ideal for cutting tools, dies, and molds. It offers excellent durability and resistance to deformation under high stress.
Description
What Is Cr12MoV?
Cr12MoV is a high-alloy tool steel composed of iron, carbon, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium. Typically solid with a silver-gray appearance, this steel features high hardness, high wear resistance, and good toughness. It is primarily used for making cold work dies, cutting tools, and measuring tools. The processing methods usually involve heat treatment and quenching processes. Cr12MoV can be further classified based on its application into Cr12MoV-D for cold work dies and Cr12MoV-H for hot work dies.Characteristics of Cr12MoV
Cr12MoV steel is known for its excellent wear resistance and toughness. It offers good hardenability and retains hardness at high temperatures. These features make it ideal for making tools and dies. Cr12MoV has high compressive strength and good dimensional stability after heat treatment, which enhances its durability. This steel is commonly used in manufacturing cold work dies, punches, and blanking tools. It is also suitable for tools that require a high degree of precision and longevity. If Cr12MoV’s characteristics do not fully meet specific needs, alternative steel grades such as A2, H13, O1, and M2 can be considered. These alternatives offer strengths in wear resistance, toughness, and overall performance.Chemical Compositions
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon, C | 1.45-1.70 |
| Silicon, Si | ≤0.40 |
| Manganese, Mn | ≤0.40 |
| Chromium, Cr | 11.0-12.5 |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 0.40-0.70 |
| Vanadium, V | 0.15-0.30 |
| Phosphorus, P | ≤0.030 |
| Sulfur, S | ≤0.030 |
Physical Properties
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.7 g/cm³ | 0.278 lb/in³ |
| Melting Point | 1420°C – 1490°C | 2588°F – 2714°F |
| Boiling Point | – | – |
| Thermal Conductivity | 20.0 W/m·K | 11.6 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F |
| Electrical Conductivity | – | – |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 460 J/kg·K | 0.110 BTU/lb·°F |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 11.4 x 10⁻⁶ /°C | 6.3 x 10⁻⁶ /°F |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.55 x 10⁻⁶ Ω·m | 0.55 x 10⁻⁶ Ω·m |
Mechanical Properties
AC (Air Cooled) Sate
| Property | Value (Metric) | Value (Imperial) |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 980-1250 MPa | 142-181 ksi |
| Yield Strength | 785-930 MPa | 114-135 ksi |
| Brinell Hardness (HB) | 250-300 | 250-300 |
| Rockwell Hardness (HRC) | 60-64 | 60-64 |
| Vickers Hardness (HV) | 800-850 | 800-850 |
| Elongation | 10-20% | 10-20% |
| Elastic Modulus | 210 GPa | 30.5 Msi |
QT (Quenched & Tempered) State
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 860 – 1020 MPa | 125 – 148 ksi |
| Yield Strength | 720 – 860 MPa | 104 – 125 ksi |
| Elongation | 8% | 8% |
| Reduction of Area | 40% | 40% |
| Impact Absorption Energy | 30 J | 22 ft-lbf |
| Elastic Modulus | 210 GPa | 30,450 ksi |
Industries & Applications
| Industry | Application |
|---|---|
| Automotive | Engine Valves, Transmission Gears, Camshafts, Brake Discs |
| Aerospace | Turbine Blades, Landing Gear Components, Aircraft Fasteners, Jet Engine Components |
| Manufacturing | Cutting Tools, Stamping Dies, Molds for Plastic Injection, Punching Tools |
| Energy | Turbine Rotors, Valve Seats, Pump Components, Drill Bits |
| Construction | Structural Beams, Reinforcement Bars, Connectors, Fasteners |
| Medical | Surgical Instruments, Orthopedic Implants, Dental Tools, Prosthetic Devices |
| Mining | Drill Rods, Crusher Blades, Excavator Teeth, Cutting Edges |
| Electronics | Precision Connectors, Housing for Electronic Devices, Heat Sinks, Electrical Contacts |
| Oil & Gas | Downhole Tools, Valve Components, Pipeline Connectors, Wellhead Equipment |
Machining
Heat Treatment
- Annealing: Heat to 800-850°C, soak, then cool slowly to 600°C and air cool.
- Stress Relieving: Heat to 600-700°C, hold for 1-2 hours, then cool slowly.
- Hardening: Preheat to 300-400°C and then 750-800°C. Austenitize at 1000-1050°C and hold for 15-30 minutes.
- Quenching: Air cool or oil quench; gas quench in a vacuum furnace.
- Tempering: Heat to 150-300°C, and hold for 1-2 hours. Multiple cycles are recommended.
Surface Finish Processing
- Grinding and Polishing: For precision and appearance.
- Coating and Electroplating: For wear resistance and hardness.
- Heat Treatment: Induction hardening.
- Machining: CNC for complex geometries.
*Customization is available upon request.
Disclaimer
The provided heat treatment and surface treatment processes are general guidelines. Actual conditions may vary depending on specific applications and requirements. It is recommended to consult with a professional metallurgist or material scientist to tailor the processes to your particular needs. The information herein is not a substitute for professional advice and should not be relied upon as such.
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