Contents
Explore 410S Stainless Steel: Composition, Properties and Applications
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410S stainless steel delivers reliable performance in high-heat environments, making it a top choice for industries needing strength and durability under extreme conditions. This article will explain its chemical composition, key features, and common uses.
What Is 410S Stainless Steel
410S is the low-carbon variant of 410 stainless steel. In the annealed condition, 410S is ferritic. It is made up of 11.5-13.5% chromium and mostly iron. It has a solid structure and offers excellent corrosion resistance. As a low-carbon variant of 410 stainless steel, it provides better weldability and thermal stability, making it ideal for applications where welding and heat exposure are common. 410S is suitable for automotive exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and gas turbines.
410S Stainless Steel Equivalents
Country/Region | Standard/Specification | Equivalent Grade |
USA | ASTM A240 | 410S |
Europe | EN 10088-2 | X6Cr13 (1.4000) |
Japan | JIS G4304 | SUS410S |
China | GB/T 1220 | 06Cr13 |
Chemical Composition of 410S Stainless Steel
Element | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | Fe |
wt (%) | ≤0.08 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.030 | 11.5-13.5 | ≤0.60 | Balance |
410S Stainless Steel Properties
Physics Properties of 410S Stainless Steel
Property | Metric Value | Imperial Value |
Density | 7.75 g/cm³ | 0.28 lb/in³ |
Melting Point | 1495°C | 2723°F |
Thermal Conductivity | 24.9 W/m·K | 172.5 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F |
Thermal Expansion | 9.9 µm/m·°C | 5.5 µin/in·°F |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.25% IACS | 1.25% IACS |
Magnetic Properties | Magnetic | Magnetic |
Mechanical Properties of 410S Stainless Steel
Property | Metric Value | Imperial Value |
Tensile Strength | 450 MPa | 65 ksi |
Yield Strength | 280 MPa | 40 ksi |
Brinell Hardness | 150 HB | – |
Rockwell Hardness | 80 HRB | – |
Vickers Hardness | 150 HV | – |
Elongation | 25% | – |
Elastic Modulus | 200 GPa | 29 ksi |
What Are The Common Uses of 410S Stainless Steel?
Automotive Industry
Used for catalytic converters and automotive exhaust systems.
Petrochemical and Refining Industry
Used for heat exchangers, furnace components, and gas turbine exhaust systems.
Power Generation
Be utilized in steam and gas turbines, particularly in exhaust systems and heat shields.
Industrial Furnace Components
Used in components such as furnace linings, heat treatment trays, and other furnace parts that need to maintain structural integrity at high temperatures.
Construction and Structural Applications
Used for structural components that are exposed to high temperatures or require fire resistance, such as building frameworks in industrial settings.
Food Processing Equipment
Ideal for food industry equipment where lower corrosion resistance is sufficient. It is suitable for environments with high-temperature exposure, like ovens or grills.
Different Forms of 410S Stainless Steel
SteelPro Group offers a wide range of products made from 410S stainless steel to meet various industrial needs. Here are the products we provide:
- 410 Stainless Steel Sheets
Available in both hot-rolled and cold-rolled variants, suitable for cutlery and kitchen utensils.
- 410 Stainless Steel Plates
We supply thick and thin plates that are ideal for structural components in construction and manufacturing.
- 410 Stainless Steel Bars
Our selection includes round, square, and flat bars, perfect for kitchen tools, fixtures, and general fabrication.
- 410 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
We offer both seamless and welded pipes, designed for automotive applications, including exhaust systems and other components.
- 410 Stainless Steel Coils
Our annealed and pickled coils are available for use in valves, pipe fittings, and other industrial applications.
We ensure high quality and precise specifications for all our 410S stainless steel products, tailored to meet the demands of our clients across various industries.
The Advantages of 410S Stainless Steel
Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance
410S stainless steel resists oxidation well in high-temperature environments. The chromium it contains can form a protective layer that prevents rust and oxidation. It is suitable for applications where the exposure to corrosive elements is moderate, but high-temperature performance is needed.
Weldability
410S has excellent weldability due to its low carbon content. The low carbon prevents the formation of hard and brittle martensite during welding, reducing the risk of cracking. Unlike other martensitic steels, 410S does not usually need preheating or post-weld heat treatment, making welding easier.
Thermal Stability
410S stainless steel performs well at elevated temperatures. It retains its strength and structure even under sustained high-temperature conditions. Its ferritic structure also gives it resistance to thermal fatigue and scaling. It is ideal for heat-intensive applications.
Scale Resistance
410S stainless steel has good resistance to scaling at temperatures up to 649°C (1200°F). It is suitable for heat-intensive applications, such as heat exchangers or furnace parts
Ductility
Despite its ferritic structure, 410S maintains good ductility. This allows it to be formed and shaped into various components without cracking or breaking, even after welding or heat treatment.
Cost-Effectiveness
Compared to more corrosion-resistant stainless steels, such as 304 or 316, 410S is relatively more affordable. This makes it an attractive option for industries needing a balance between performance and cost, especially for high-temperature applications.
The Disadvantages of 410S Stainless Steel
Lower Corrosion Resistance
410S offers less corrosion resistance than austenitic stainless steels like 304 or 316. While it performs well in mildly corrosive environments, it is not ideal for harsh conditions with strong acids or chlorides.
Limited Hardness and Strength
410S stainless steel has low carbon content. This prevents it from being hardened by heat treatment. This limits its hardness and strength, making it unsuitable for applications requiring high wear resistance or significant strength.
Brittleness at Low Temperatures
410S can become brittle at very low temperatures like many ferritic stainless steels. This limits its application when exposed to sub-zero conditions.
Heat Treatment
410S stainless steel primarily undergoes annealing as its main heat treatment process. It cannot be hardened through traditional heat treatment methods like martensitic stainless steels, due to its low carbon content.
Annealing
- Heated to 649-815°C (1200-1500°F), held at this temperature, and then cooled slowly in the air.
- Relieve internal stresses and improve ductility. Maintain the ferritic structure and enhance weldability and formability.
Stress Relieving
- Heated to 540-700°C (1000-1300°F). It is held for a short time and then cooled slowly in the air.
- Reduce residual stresses from welding or fabrication. Help prevent cracking and distortion.
Solution Treatment
- Heated to 815-870°C (1500-1600°F). Then air-cooled.
- Dissolve carbides and refine the grain structure. It improves corrosion resistance.
Normalizing
- Heated to around 870°C (1600°F). Then cooled in air.
- Improve toughness and refine the grain structure. It helps make the mechanical properties more uniform.
Other Processes of 410S Stainless Steel
Forming
410S can be formed through methods like bending, rolling, or stamping. Cold forming is possible, but annealing may be required after forming to restore ductility.
Machining
Machining includes cutting, drilling, and milling. Slower speeds, proper cooling, and lubrication are recommended due to the material’s moderate hardness.
Welding
410S can be welded using common methods like TIG, MIG, or resistance welding. Preheating is usually unnecessary, and post-weld heat treatment can reduce stress.
Surface Treatment
410S can undergo various surface treatments, such as polishing, passivation, and coating. Polishing improves the surface finish. Passivation enhances corrosion resistance by removing surface impurities and promoting the formation of a chromium oxide layer.
Other Things About 410S Stainless Steel
What Is the Difference Between 410S and 410?
410S has a lower carbon content. 410 provides increased hardness and strength but with reduced weldability.
410S performs better at high temperatures. 410 is more suitable for applications needing higher strength and wear resistance.
What Is the Difference Between 410S and 316L?
410S is good for high temperatures with moderate corrosion resistance. 316L excels in corrosion resistance, especially in harsh environments. 410S can’t be hardened, while 316L is ideal for welding.
Will 410S Stainless Steel Rust?
410S stainless steel can rust, especially in highly corrosive environments. But it has good resistance to oxidation and rust in mild conditions and at high temperatures.
Related reading: Does stainless steel rust?
What Are the Variants of 410 Stainless Steel?
- 410S: Low-carbon variant with improved weldability and oxidation resistance.
- 410L: Low-carbon variant offering enhanced corrosion resistance and toughness.
- 410HC: Higher carbon variant for better hardness and wear resistance.
- 410C: Optimized for better machinability and corrosion resistance.
Summary
410S stainless steel is known for its wide range of uses. It is commonly used in high-temperature applications such as automotive exhaust systems and gas turbines due to its oxidation resistance and weldability.
At Steel Pro Group, we are committed to providing top-quality materials for high-performance industrial needs. If you are looking for reliable solutions for your projects, please visit our website or contact us for a personalized consultation and quote.
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Comparisons