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Understanding A2 Stainless Steel: The Backbone of Modern Industry
- John
A2 stainless steel is known for its strong corrosion resistance and durability. It’s a popular choice for tools and fasteners that need to withstand tough conditions. To help you know everything about A2 stainless steel, this article provides a clear overview of A2 stainless steel, covering the composition, properties, applications, and more.
What Is A2 Stainless Steel?
A2 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel. It contains about 65-70% iron (Fe) content, 18-20% chromium (Cr) content, and 8-10.5% nickel (Ni) content, with small amounts of carbon, manganese, and silicon. It has a silvery, slightly reflective surface. Its corrosion resistance is great. And it has a balance of durability and workability. Its common uses include kitchen equipment, architectural elements, automotive components, and chemical containers.
Equivalents of A2 Stainless Steel
Country/Region | Standard/Specification | Equivalent Grade |
China | GB/T 1220, GB/T 20878 | 06Cr19Ni10 (or 304) |
USA | ASTM A276, ASTM A240 | 304 |
EU | EN 10088-2 | X5CrNi18-10 (1.4301) |
Germany | DIN EN 10088-2 | X5CrNi18-10 |
Japan | JIS G4303 | SUS304 |
England | BS EN 10088-2 | 304S15 |
Subgroups of A2 Stainless Steel
A2-70 Stainless Steel
This is a standard grade of A2 stainless steel with a minimum tensile strength of 700 MPa. It is commonly used for fasteners and general-purpose applications.
A2-80 Stainless Steel
This subtype has a higher tensile strength than A2-70, reaching up to 800 MPa. It is used in applications requiring stronger fasteners while maintaining good corrosion resistance.
A2-50 Stainless Steel
This grade has a lower tensile strength of around 500 MPa. It is used in applications where high strength is not the primary requirement, but corrosion resistance is important.
Composition of A2 Stainless Steel
Element | Cr | Ni | C | Mn | P | S | Si | N |
wt% | 18.0 – 20.0 | 8.0 – 10.5 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 1.0 | ≤ 0.10 |
Mechanical Properties of A2 Stainless Steel
Property | Value |
Tensile Strength | 515 – 740 MPa |
Yield Strength | 205 MPa (min) |
Brinell Hardness (HB) | 123 – 201 HB |
Rockwell Hardness (HRC) | 70 – 88 HRC |
Vickers Hardness (HV) | 129 – 200 HV |
Elongation | 40% (in 50mm) |
Elastic Modulus | 193 GPa |
Physical Properties of A2 Stainless Steel
Property | Typical Value (Metric) | Typical Value (Imperial) |
Density | 7.75 g/cm³ | 0.280 lb/in³ |
Melting Point | 1,480°C | 2,696°F |
Thermal Conductivity | 24.9 W/m·K | 173 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F |
Thermal Expansion | 10.2 µm/m·°C | 5.7 µin/in·°F |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.25 x 10⁶ S/m | 2.15% IACS |
Is A2 Stainless Steel Magnetic?
In its annealed state, A2 stainless steel is not magnetic. But it can be slightly magnetic when cold-worked or welded. This is important in applications where magnetic properties are a factor.
Related Reading
Is Stainless Steel Magnetic?
Advantages of A2 Stainless Steel
Corrosion Resistance
A2 stainless steel contains high chromium content. So its corrosion resistance is excellent. This makes it suitable for environments where the material is exposed to acids, moisture, and alkalis. It is suitable for applications like kitchen equipment, chemical containers, and architectural elements.
Heat Resistance
A2 stainless steel has lower heat resistance than some other grades. It can withstand temperatures up to about 870°C (1600°F) without significant degradation. That’s why it is ideal to be used in moderate-temperature applications.
Mechanical Strength
A2 stainless steel has good mechanical strength. It has sufficient strength for structural applications while remaining ductile. It maintains its strength even at low temperatures. It is essential for use in environments where materials may be exposed to freezing conditions.
Ease of Forming
A2 stainless steel is highly workable, allowing it to be easily shaped and formed. This is ideal for manufacturing processes that require bending, stamping, or shaping the material into complex forms.
Cold Resistance
A2 stainless steel retains its strength at very low temperatures, withstanding conditions down to -196°C (-321°F). It is useful for cryogenic applications and other environments that require high toughness.
Weldability
The alloy can be welded with standard techniques without compromising its structural integrity or resistance properties. Used in a variety of construction and manufacturing industries.
Aesthetic Versatility
A2 stainless steel can be polished to a smooth, reflective finish, making it an attractive option for visible or decorative applications.
Limitations of A2 Stainless Steel
Not Suitable for High Chloride Environments
Can corrode in salty or marine environments, especially between 20°C and 60°C (68°F to 140°F).
Moderate Heat Resistance
Compared to other stainless steels, it is not ideal for temperatures above 870°C (1600°F).
Potential for Intergranular Corrosion
If exposed to certain temperatures for prolonged periods, it may suffer from intergranular corrosion without proper heat treatment or if not using a low-carbon variant like 304L.
What does L mean?
In the designation 304L stainless steel, it means “Low Carbon.” The reduced carbon content decreases the chance of carbide precipitation during welding. It improves corrosion resistance.
What Is the A2 Stainless Steel Used for?
Here’s a look at the main fields of applications of A2 stainless steel.
Application | Uses | Properties |
Food & Beverage | Kitchen equipment, storage tanks | Corrosion-resistant, hygienic |
Construction & Architecture | Building facades, railings | Durable, aesthetic |
Automotive | Exhaust systems, trim | Heat, corrosion resistant |
Medical Equipment | Surgical tools, devices | Non-reactive, sterilizable |
Chemical Processing | Tanks, pipes | Acid, alkali resistant |
What Are the Differences Between A2 Stainless Steel and Other Stainless Steel?
A4 vs A2 or 316 vs 304
A2 stainless steel provides good corrosion resistance in everyday environments but is less effective in high-chloride areas. A4 stainless steel resists chlorides and acids better. It is more expensive than A2.
A2 is used in general applications like kitchen equipment and indoor structures. A4 is preferred for harsher environments such as marine settings and chemical plants.
A8 vs A2
A8 stainless steel offers excellent wear resistance but lower corrosion resistance compared to A2.
A8 is extremely durable but harder to work with and less ductile. A2 stainless steel is easier to form and weld.
A2 is used in kitchenware, fasteners, and indoor structures. A8 is used in wear-intensive applications like cutting tools and industrial machinery.
A2 Stainless Steel vs 18-8
A2 stainless steel and 18-8 stainless steel are essentially the same in terms of composition. “18-8” is a general description for this type of stainless steel, while “A2” is a specific European designation, commonly used in fasteners.
Other Things You Should Know About Duplex Stainless Steel
Now that you have a deeper understanding of A2 stainless steel. There are still some common issues that deserve your attention:
Is A2 Stainless Steel the Same as 304?
Not the same but they are closely related. 304 is an international alloy classification. A2 is a European designation commonly used for stainless steel fasteners and typically refers to 304 stainless steel.
Is A2 Easy to Sharpen?
Yes, A2 stainless steel is relatively easy to sharpen because its hardness is balanced with a fine grain structure, which helps achieve a sharp edge without excessive difficulty.
Is A2 Steel Brittle?
No. A2 stainless steel can offer a good balance of hardness and toughness. This helps it resist chipping and breaking under normal use. However, it can become brittle if not properly heat-treated or if exposed to extreme conditions.
Will A2 Stainless Steel Rust?
Under normal conditions, it withstands corrosion well. If exposed to harsh environments, like saltwater or strong acids, it can develop rust over time. Regular maintenance and proper care help prevent rusting.
Related Reading
Will Stainless Steel Rust and How Can You Solve It?
How to Clean and Polish Stainless Steel?
The ISO 3506 Classification of Austenitic Stainless
In the ISO 3506 standard, austenitic stainless steels are divided into five main categories: A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5. A2 stainless steel is the most widely used category.
The ISO 3506 classification system for austenitic stainless steels provides a clear guide for selecting the appropriate stainless steel material for different environmental conditions.
Summary & Furthermore
This article briefly explains the definition, composition, applications, and other important aspects of A2 stainless steel. To learn more about stainless steel or other steel types, check out our blog or contact our metal experts.
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- Stainless Steel Grades
- 300 Series Stainless Steel
- 303 Stainless Steel
- 304 Stainless Steel
- 305 Stainless Steel
- 308 Stainless Steel
- 316 Stainless Steel
- 316N Stainless Steel
- 409 Stainless Steel
- 410 Stainless Steel
- 416 Stainless Steel
- 420 Stainless Steel
- 430 Stainless Steel
- 410HT And 410L Stainless Steels
- A2 Stainless Steel
- 304 vs 304L Stainless Steel
- 304 VS 316 Stainless Steel
- 304 vs 409 Stainless Steel
- 304 vs 430 Stainless Steel
- 410 Stainless Steel vs 304
- 18/0 vs 18/10
- 18/0 Stainless Steel
- 18/8 Stainless Steel
- 18/10 Stainless Steel
Comparisons
Finish